Brazil’s Rare Earth Exports to China Triple, Highlighting Shift Away from U.S. Ties

Brazil’s exports of rare earth minerals to China shot up to $6.7 million in the first half of 2025, tripling the full-year total from 2024.

Data from the China-Brazil Business Council shows that almost all of this growth went directly to China, not to the United States.

These rare earths—key materials for high-tech devices and renewable energy—are now mostly fueling Chinese industry.

While rare earths make up a small share of Brazil’s overall exports, their significance is huge.

The US Geological Survey ranks Brazil as holding the world’s second-largest reserves of these minerals, though actual production is still tiny compared to China, the global leader.

Brazil’s Rare Earth Exports to China Triple, Highlighting Shift Away from U.S. Ties

Still, China increased its purchases of Brazilian rare earths sevenfold in the first quarter alone, seeking new sources as trade tensions with the US get worse.

At the same time, China invests across Brazil’s major industries, from mining to digital infrastructure.

China now accounts for most of Brazil’s rare earth demand and around 84% of its hybrid vehicle imports.

Brazil’s Mixed Signals Amplify U.S. Tariff Conflict

Brazil’s overall trade balance with China has narrowed, as Brazilian imports from China jumped by over 20%, hitting $35.7 billion, even while Brazil’s exports shrank.

Brazil’s government, led by President Lula, has signed off on dozens of new deals with China, deepening ties across mining, technology, and public works.

Meanwhile, US-Brazil relations have cooled. The US set new tariffs on Brazilian imports and launched trade probes, signaling concern about losing influence in the region.

China’s expanding role in Brazil means more than just business deals—it gives China new leverage in global technology and energy supply chains.

Brazil’s Rare Earth Exports to China Triple, Highlighting Shift Away from U.S. Ties