Congo’s Ebola Outbreak Is Now the Second Largest on Record
DR CONGO · PUBLIC HEALTH
Key Facts
—The scale: The Democratic Republic of Congo reported 4,665 confirmed cases and 2,184 deaths as of 14 August 2026. The WHO calls it the second-largest Ebola outbreak on record.
—The fatality rate: About 46% of confirmed cases have died, a rate that has drifted upwards through August.
—The spread: The outbreak reached a sixth province, Bas-Uele, on 13 August. It was in five provinces and 53 health zones a week earlier.
—The epicentre: Ituri province accounts for roughly 86% of cases and 80% of deaths.
—The strain: This is Bundibugyo ebolavirus, declared on 15 May 2026. Sequencing suggests it was circulating from around February.
—The vaccine gap: No vaccine or treatment is approved for the Bundibugyo strain. The two licensed Ebola vaccines target the Zaire strain.
—The trial: The WHO recommended in early August that Ervebo be tested against Bundibugyo in a clinical trial during the outbreak.
The DRC Ebola outbreak has reached 4,665 confirmed cases and 2,184 deaths, making it the second-largest on record and, on the World Health Organization’s account, the fastest-moving. It has now spread to a sixth province, and there is no vaccine approved for the strain involved.
Where the DRC Ebola outbreak stands
The Congolese government reported 4,665 confirmed cases and 2,184 deaths as of 14 August 2026. Those are the figures the WHO and Africa CDC both work from, since neither publishes a separate count.
The case fatality rate is running at about 46%, and has drifted upwards through August rather than down. Several hundred patients were in isolation or hospital care, and more than 770 people had recovered as of early August.
All of these numbers should be read as floors. Reporting in early August indicated that a substantial share of actual cases is never confirmed, which is a common feature of outbreaks in areas with weak surveillance.
The outbreak was declared on 15 May. Genomic sequencing since then indicates the virus was circulating from around February, meaning it had two to three months of unobserved spread.
A sixth province, and what that means
On 13 August the outbreak reached Bas-Uele, its sixth province. It had been confined to five — Haut-Uele, Ituri, North Kivu, South Kivu and Tshopo — across 53 health zones the week before.
The new case arrived by road. A patient travelled from Haut-Uele province and died at Buta, carrying the virus across a provincial boundary.
Ituri remains the centre of gravity, accounting for roughly 86% of cases and 80% of deaths, with active transmission in and around Bunia. Six of the country’s 26 provinces are now affected.
Movement is the mechanism, and movement is exactly what a country of Congo’s size and road network cannot easily restrict.
Why the vaccine does not solve this
This outbreak is caused by Bundibugyo ebolavirus, not the Zaire strain that caused the large West African epidemic of 2014-2016 and the Congolese outbreaks that followed.
That distinction is the whole problem. The two licensed Ebola vaccines, Ervebo and the Zabdeno-Mvabea regimen, target Zaire ebolavirus, and no vaccine or treatment is approved for Bundibugyo.
In early August the WHO’s vaccine advisers recommended that Ervebo be prioritised for a clinical trial in the DRC during the outbreak, to establish whether it offers protection. Africa CDC supports deploying it in affected provinces on the basis that some studies suggest partial cross-protection.
Two Bundibugyo-specific vaccines are in first-in-human trials. Neither is available now.
The response is straining
Senior officials have been unusually blunt. WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus told a 12 August briefing that the outbreak had a big head start, was still way ahead of the response, and that responders were playing catch-up.
A joint WHO and Africa CDC mission visited Uganda and the DRC on 4 and 5 August, travelling to Bunia and then Kinshasa. Screening has been extended at points of entry, with more than a million checks reported.
On the ground the picture is harder. Health workers went on strike over unpaid wages in Ituri, and screening on some routes has been described as insufficient.
Funeral practices are a well-documented route of Ebola transmission, and religious authorities are often more effective than officials at changing them, which is why community and faith leaders are central to the WHO and Africa CDC call for community-led action.
Why it reaches beyond the DRC
The affected provinces are the same eastern regions that host Congo’s mining and logistics corridors, in a country supplying roughly three-quarters of the world’s cobalt. Containment competes for attention with an active armed conflict.
The cross-border dimension is live rather than theoretical, which is why the WHO and Africa CDC mission covered Uganda as well. Bas-Uele extends the outbreak northwards.
For readers watching the region commercially, this is a mobility and supply-chain risk as well as a humanitarian emergency, and it sits alongside the resource competition traced in Africa: The New Scramble.
For everyone else it is a straightforward reminder. An outbreak that goes unobserved for three months is very difficult to catch afterwards.
Frequently Asked Questions
How large is the DRC Ebola outbreak?
The Democratic Republic of Congo reported 4,665 confirmed cases and 2,184 deaths as of 14 August 2026. The World Health Organization describes it as the second-largest Ebola outbreak on record.
Which strain is it, and is there a vaccine?
It is Bundibugyo ebolavirus. No vaccine or treatment is approved for that strain; the two licensed Ebola vaccines, Ervebo and the Zabdeno-Mvabea regimen, target the Zaire strain.
How far has it spread?
The outbreak reached a sixth province, Bas-Uele, on 13 August 2026, after a patient travelled from Haut-Uele province and died at Buta. Ituri province accounts for roughly 86% of cases and 80% of deaths.
When did the outbreak begin?
The DRC government declared it on 15 May 2026, but genomic sequencing indicates the virus had been circulating for two to three months before that, from around February.
Connected Coverage
Eastern Congo’s health emergency overlaps with the mineral corridors described in The Lobito Corridor and the wider competition traced in Africa: The New Scramble. More from the region is on our Central Africa hub.
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