IBOV 176,192 ▲ 2.00% IPSA 10,989 ▼ 0.33% IPC MEX 66,587 ▲ 0.73% MERVAL 3,218,245 ▲ 0.49% COLCAP 2,290.94 ▼ 0.08% BVL PERÚ 56,194.27 ▲ 1.13% USD/BRL5.10▼ 0.24% USD/MXN17.49▼ 0.32% USD/CLP924.45▼ 0.35% USD/COP3,235▼ 3.23% USD/PEN3.39▼ 0.32% USD/ARS1,487▼ 0.03% USD/UYU40.22▲ 1.20% USD/PYG6,055▲ 1.53% USD/BOB10.14▲ 4.01% USD/DOP58.48▼ 0.12% USD/CRC448.82▲ 1.40% USD/GTQ7.63▲ 2.28% USD/HNL26.72▲ 1.50% USD/NIO36.62▲ 0.26% USD/VES707.92▼ 0.13% USD/PAB1.00— 0.00% USD/BZD2.00— 0.00% USD/JMD158.09▲ 0.81% USD/TTD6.75▲ 1.32% EUR/BRL5.83▼ 0.99% BRENT 75.74 ▼ 0.73% WTI 71.27 ▼ 1.12% IRON ORE 161.91 — — COPPER 6.27 ▲ 0.92% GOLD 4,114 ▼ 0.40% SILVER 60.21 ▼ 0.28% SOY 1,188 ▲ 0.68% CORN 456.00 ▲ 6.60% WHEAT 646.00 ▲ 5.69% COFFEE 333.40 ▼ 6.60% SUGAR 14.86 ▼ 1.72% ORANGE JUICE 145.95 ▼ 2.64% COTTON 80.08 ▲ 5.15% COCOA 6,150 ▼ 2.52% BEEF 229.45 ▼ 2.47% CATTLE 352.70 ▼ 0.97% LITHIUM 72.16 ▼ 0.91% PETR4 39.50 ▲ 0.74% VALE3 73.93 ▲ 1.07% ITUB4 43.67 ▲ 2.54% BBDC4 18.52 ▲ 2.89% ABEV3 15.84 ▲ 0.76% BBAS3 20.36 ▲ 1.80% B3SA3 15.35 ▲ 3.79% WEGE3 46.39 ▲ 1.42% PRIO3 55.43 ▼ 0.32% SUZB3 41.43 ▲ 0.97% RENT3 40.33 ▲ 2.36% AZZA3 18.94 ▲ 2.60% CSAN3 4.02 ▲ 4.15% RAIZ4 0.36 ▼ 2.70% PCAR3 2.79 ▲ 1.09% GMAT3 4.01 ▲ 2.04% PSSA3 54.07 ▲ 1.35% CVCB3 1.25 — 0.00% POSI3 3.96 ▲ 2.86% SLCE3 13.93 ▲ 1.02% NATU3 8.59 ▲ 1.54% BRKM5 6.48 ▲ 1.89% RANI3 7.97 ▲ 1.40% CSNA3 5.06 ▲ 5.42% CMIN3 5.06 ▲ 4.76% USIM5 8.41 ▲ 0.72% GGBR4 22.92 ▲ 1.96% ENEV3 26.79 ▲ 2.25% CPFE3 47.14 ▲ 1.84% CMIG4 11.29 ▲ 1.90% EQTL3 40.44 ▲ 2.35% LREN3 14.73 ▲ 4.10% VIVT3 35.43 ▲ 2.70% RAIL3 13.91 ▲ 1.16% KLABIN 17.47 ▲ 0.40% RAIA DROGASIL 18.72 ▲ 3.25% RDOR3 35.91 ▲ 2.16% HAPV3 10.53 ▲ 4.57% FLRY3 16.26 ▲ 3.24% SMTO3 16.00 ▼ 0.31% UGPA3 30.60 ▲ 1.66% VBBR3 32.70 ▲ 1.87% BBSE3 39.84 ▲ 1.43% BPAC11 56.90 ▲ 2.19% CURY3 33.73 ▲ 3.15% AERI3 2.08 ▲ 0.97% VIVARA 23.01 ▲ 1.90% COMPASS 24.98 ▲ 1.22% VAMOS 3.03 ▲ 2.36% SANB11 27.09 ▲ 3.20% ASAI3 8.78 ▲ 3.78% SBSP3 30.86 ▲ 2.87% WALMEX 49.27 ▲ 0.51% GMEXICO 196.43 ▲ 0.56% FEMSA 223.90 ▲ 0.69% CEMEX 22.10 ▲ 1.80% GFNORTE 188.22 ▲ 1.55% BIMBO 56.18 ▲ 0.45% TELEVISA 9.61 ▲ 1.26% AMX 23.02 ▲ 1.68% GAP 410.94 ▼ 0.67% ASUR 283.65 ▲ 0.01% OMA 236.48 ▼ 0.64% KOF 182.28 ▲ 0.76% GRUMA 285.79 ▲ 1.13% KIMBER 38.27 ▼ 0.44% SQM-B 67,699 ▼ 2.03% COPEC 6,088 ▲ 1.13% BSANTANDER 78.83 ▲ 1.72% FALABELLA 5,885 ▲ 0.58% ENELAM 84.70 ▲ 0.64% CENCOSUD 2,065 ▲ 0.41% CMPC 1,122 ▲ 2.51% BANCO CHILE 189.89 ▲ 1.55% LATAM AIR 26.25 ▼ 0.57% YPF 74,075 ▼ 2.24% GGAL 8,080 ▲ 2.54% PAMPA 5,170 ▼ 0.67% TXAR 662.00 ▼ 0.38% ALUAR 973.00 ▲ 0.46% TGS 9,475 ▲ 1.77% CEPU 2,302 ▼ 0.56% MIRGOR 17,050 ▼ 0.87% COME 45.30 ▼ 0.26% LOMA NEGRA 3,498 — 0.00% BYMA 310.00 ▲ 0.08% TELECOM ARG 4,135 ▲ 0.36% ECOPETROL 15.53 ▲ 0.91% BANCOLOMBIA 82.98 ▲ 2.53% GRUPO AVAL 5.05 ▲ 0.60% CREDICORP 399.57 ▲ 1.95% SOUTHERN COPPER 175.02 ▲ 0.34% BUENAVENTURA 30.04 ▲ 1.66% MERCADOLIBRE 1,858 ▲ 2.79% NUBANK 13.91 ▲ 1.72% XP 16.95 ▲ 3.26% PAGSEGURO 9.29 ▲ 3.17% STONE 11.18 ▲ 1.96% GLOBANT 30.33 ▼ 3.07% TECNOGLASS 44.38 ▲ 2.87% GAP AIRPORT 234.74 ▲ 0.12% ASUR 283.65 ▲ 0.01% OMA AIRPORT 108.09 ▼ 0.23% AMX ADR 26.27 ▲ 1.64% FEMSA ADR 128.01 ▲ 0.79% CEMEX ADR 12.64 ▲ 2.14% PETROBRAS ADR 17.17 ▲ 0.79% VALE ADR 14.44 ▲ 1.51% ITAU ADR 8.56 ▲ 3.32% SANTANDER BR 5.37 ▲ 4.38% AMBEV ADR 3.08 ▲ 1.33% CSN 1.00 ▲ 4.59% GERDAU 4.50 ▲ 2.04% LATAM ADR 56.70 ▼ 0.60% BTC 64,035 ▲ 1.33% ETH 1,792 ▲ 2.72% SOL 78.28 ▲ 0.30% XRP 1.10 ▲ 0.84% BNB 573.80 ▲ 0.94% ADA 0.17 ▼ 0.19% DOGE 0.07 ▲ 1.51% AVAX 6.73 ▲ 0.70% LINK 7.92 ▲ 2.39% DOT 0.87 ▲ 5.56% LTC 44.66 ▲ 2.04% BCH 250.34 ▲ 5.29% TRX 0.33 ▼ 0.45% XLM 0.19 ▲ 1.25% HBAR 0.07 ▲ 0.40% NEAR 1.89 ▼ 1.33% ATOM 1.58 ▲ 1.95% AAVE 95.35 ▲ 4.49% SELIC 14.25% EMBRAER 84.92 ▲ 1.26% EMBRAER ADR 66.39 ▲ 1.30% JBS 11.90 ▲ 1.45% JBS BDR 60.53 ▲ 0.80% MBRF3 15.74 ▲ 2.14% MBRFY 3.03 ▲ 1.00% INTER 5.84 ▲ 2.19% EGX 52,312 ▲ 0.54% USD/ZAR16.30▼ 0.17% USD/NGN1,376▼ 0.12% NIKKEI 68,558 ▲ 1.20% CSI300 4,781 ▼ 1.96% HSI 24,175 ▲ 0.60% NIFTY 24,207 ▲ 1.02% KOSPI 7,476 ▲ 2.52% JCI 5,924 ▲ 0.20% USD/JPY161.50▼ 0.54% USD/CNY6.76▼ 0.42% DAX 25,036 ▼ 0.33% CAC 8,313 ▼ 0.17% FTSE 10,490 ▲ 0.16% MIB 52,553 ▲ 0.33% IBEX 19,380 ▲ 0.30% STOXX 640.39 ▼ 0.07% EUR/USD1.14▲ 0.05% GBP/USD1.34▲ 0.18% SPX 7,560 ▲ 0.21% DJI 52,631 ▲ 0.27% NDX 29,769 ▲ 0.14% RUT 2,970 ▼ 0.77% TSX 35,235 ▲ 0.10% VIX 15.57 ▼ 1.70% USD/CAD1.41▼ 0.19% US10Y 4.5550 ▲ 0.35% IBOV 176,192 ▲ 2.00% IPSA 10,989 ▼ 0.33% IPC MEX 66,587 ▲ 0.73% MERVAL 3,218,245 ▲ 0.49% COLCAP 2,290.94 ▼ 0.08% BVL PERÚ 56,194.27 ▲ 1.13% USD/BRL 5.11 ▼ 0.21% USD/MXN 17.48 ▼ 0.36% USD/CLP 925.33 ▼ 0.25% USD/COP 3,236 ▼ 3.21% USD/PEN 3.39 ▼ 0.22% USD/ARS 1,487 ▼ 0.03% USD/UYU 40.22 ▲ 1.20% USD/PYG 6,055 ▲ 1.53% USD/BOB 10.14 ▲ 4.01% USD/DOP 58.48 ▼ 0.12% USD/CRC 448.82 ▲ 1.40% USD/GTQ 7.63 ▲ 2.28% USD/HNL 26.72 ▲ 1.50% USD/NIO 36.62 ▲ 0.26% USD/VES 707.92 ▼ 0.13% USD/PAB 1.00 — 0.00% USD/BZD 2.00 — 0.00% USD/JMD 158.09 ▲ 0.81% USD/TTD 6.75 ▲ 1.32% EUR/BRL 5.83 ▼ 0.99% BRENT 75.74 ▼ 0.73% WTI 71.27 ▼ 1.12% IRON ORE 161.91 — — COPPER 6.27 ▲ 0.92% GOLD 4,114 ▼ 0.40% SILVER 60.21 ▼ 0.28% SOY 1,188 ▲ 0.68% CORN 456.00 ▲ 6.60% WHEAT 646.00 ▲ 5.69% COFFEE 333.40 ▼ 6.60% SUGAR 14.86 ▼ 1.72% ORANGE JUICE 145.95 ▼ 2.64% COTTON 80.08 ▲ 5.15% COCOA 6,150 ▼ 2.52% BEEF 229.45 ▼ 2.47% CATTLE 352.70 ▼ 0.97% LITHIUM 72.16 ▼ 0.91% PETR4 39.50 ▲ 0.74% VALE3 73.93 ▲ 1.07% ITUB4 43.67 ▲ 2.54% BBDC4 18.52 ▲ 2.89% ABEV3 15.84 ▲ 0.76% BBAS3 20.36 ▲ 1.80% B3SA3 15.35 ▲ 3.79% WEGE3 46.39 ▲ 1.42% PRIO3 55.43 ▼ 0.32% SUZB3 41.43 ▲ 0.97% RENT3 40.33 ▲ 2.36% AZZA3 18.94 ▲ 2.60% CSAN3 4.02 ▲ 4.15% RAIZ4 0.36 ▼ 2.70% PCAR3 2.79 ▲ 1.09% GMAT3 4.01 ▲ 2.04% PSSA3 54.07 ▲ 1.35% CVCB3 1.25 — 0.00% POSI3 3.96 ▲ 2.86% SLCE3 13.93 ▲ 1.02% NATU3 8.59 ▲ 1.54% BRKM5 6.48 ▲ 1.89% RANI3 7.97 ▲ 1.40% CSNA3 5.06 ▲ 5.42% CMIN3 5.06 ▲ 4.76% USIM5 8.41 ▲ 0.72% GGBR4 22.92 ▲ 1.96% ENEV3 26.79 ▲ 2.25% CPFE3 47.14 ▲ 1.84% CMIG4 11.29 ▲ 1.90% EQTL3 40.44 ▲ 2.35% LREN3 14.73 ▲ 4.10% VIVT3 35.43 ▲ 2.70% RAIL3 13.91 ▲ 1.16% KLABIN 17.47 ▲ 0.40% RAIA DROGASIL 18.72 ▲ 3.25% RDOR3 35.91 ▲ 2.16% HAPV3 10.53 ▲ 4.57% FLRY3 16.26 ▲ 3.24% SMTO3 16.00 ▼ 0.31% UGPA3 30.60 ▲ 1.66% VBBR3 32.70 ▲ 1.87% BBSE3 39.84 ▲ 1.43% BPAC11 56.90 ▲ 2.19% CURY3 33.73 ▲ 3.15% AERI3 2.08 ▲ 0.97% VIVARA 23.01 ▲ 1.90% COMPASS 24.98 ▲ 1.22% VAMOS 3.03 ▲ 2.36% SANB11 27.09 ▲ 3.20% ASAI3 8.78 ▲ 3.78% SBSP3 30.86 ▲ 2.87% WALMEX 49.27 ▲ 0.51% GMEXICO 196.43 ▲ 0.56% FEMSA 223.90 ▲ 0.69% CEMEX 22.10 ▲ 1.80% GFNORTE 188.22 ▲ 1.55% BIMBO 56.18 ▲ 0.45% TELEVISA 9.61 ▲ 1.26% AMX 23.02 ▲ 1.68% GAP 410.94 ▼ 0.67% ASUR 283.65 ▲ 0.01% OMA 236.48 ▼ 0.64% KOF 182.28 ▲ 0.76% GRUMA 285.79 ▲ 1.13% KIMBER 38.27 ▼ 0.44% SQM-B 67,699 ▼ 2.03% COPEC 6,088 ▲ 1.13% BSANTANDER 78.83 ▲ 1.72% FALABELLA 5,885 ▲ 0.58% ENELAM 84.70 ▲ 0.64% CENCOSUD 2,065 ▲ 0.41% CMPC 1,122 ▲ 2.51% BANCO CHILE 189.89 ▲ 1.55% LATAM AIR 26.25 ▼ 0.57% YPF 74,075 ▼ 2.24% GGAL 8,080 ▲ 2.54% PAMPA 5,170 ▼ 0.67% TXAR 662.00 ▼ 0.38% ALUAR 973.00 ▲ 0.46% TGS 9,475 ▲ 1.77% CEPU 2,302 ▼ 0.56% MIRGOR 17,050 ▼ 0.87% COME 45.30 ▼ 0.26% LOMA NEGRA 3,498 — 0.00% BYMA 310.00 ▲ 0.08% TELECOM ARG 4,135 ▲ 0.36% ECOPETROL 15.53 ▲ 0.91% BANCOLOMBIA 82.98 ▲ 2.53% GRUPO AVAL 5.05 ▲ 0.60% CREDICORP 399.57 ▲ 1.95% SOUTHERN COPPER 175.02 ▲ 0.34% BUENAVENTURA 30.04 ▲ 1.66% MERCADOLIBRE 1,858 ▲ 2.79% NUBANK 13.91 ▲ 1.72% XP 16.95 ▲ 3.26% PAGSEGURO 9.29 ▲ 3.17% STONE 11.18 ▲ 1.96% GLOBANT 30.33 ▼ 3.07% TECNOGLASS 44.38 ▲ 2.87% GAP AIRPORT 234.74 ▲ 0.12% ASUR 283.65 ▲ 0.01% OMA AIRPORT 108.09 ▼ 0.23% AMX ADR 26.27 ▲ 1.64% FEMSA ADR 128.01 ▲ 0.79% CEMEX ADR 12.64 ▲ 2.14% PETROBRAS ADR 17.17 ▲ 0.79% VALE ADR 14.44 ▲ 1.51% ITAU ADR 8.56 ▲ 3.32% SANTANDER BR 5.37 ▲ 4.38% AMBEV ADR 3.08 ▲ 1.33% CSN 1.00 ▲ 4.59% GERDAU 4.50 ▲ 2.04% LATAM ADR 56.70 ▼ 0.60% BTC 64,035 ▲ 1.33% ETH 1,792 ▲ 2.72% SOL 78.28 ▲ 0.30% XRP 1.10 ▲ 0.84% BNB 573.80 ▲ 0.94% ADA 0.17 ▼ 0.19% DOGE 0.07 ▲ 1.51% AVAX 6.73 ▲ 0.70% LINK 7.92 ▲ 2.39% DOT 0.87 ▲ 5.56% LTC 44.66 ▲ 2.04% BCH 250.34 ▲ 5.29% TRX 0.33 ▼ 0.45% XLM 0.19 ▲ 1.25% HBAR 0.07 ▲ 0.40% NEAR 1.89 ▼ 1.33% ATOM 1.58 ▲ 1.95% AAVE 95.35 ▲ 4.49% SELIC 14.25% EMBRAER 84.92 ▲ 1.26% EMBRAER ADR 66.39 ▲ 1.30% JBS 11.90 ▲ 1.45% JBS BDR 60.53 ▲ 0.80% MBRF3 15.74 ▲ 2.14% MBRFY 3.03 ▲ 1.00% INTER 5.84 ▲ 2.19% EGX 52,312 ▲ 0.54% USD/ZAR 16.30 ▼ 0.06% USD/NGN 1,376 ▲ 0.08% NIKKEI 68,558 ▲ 1.20% CSI300 4,781 ▼ 1.96% HSI 24,175 ▲ 0.60% NIFTY 24,207 ▲ 1.02% KOSPI 7,476 ▲ 2.52% JCI 5,924 ▲ 0.20% USD/JPY 161.51 ▼ 0.52% USD/CNY 6.7645 ▼ 0.40% DAX 25,036 ▼ 0.33% CAC 8,313 ▼ 0.17% FTSE 10,490 ▲ 0.16% MIB 52,553 ▲ 0.33% IBEX 19,380 ▲ 0.30% STOXX 640.39 ▼ 0.07% EUR/USD 1.1435 ▲ 0.01% GBP/USD 1.3418 ▲ 0.10% SPX 7,560 ▲ 0.21% DJI 52,631 ▲ 0.27% NDX 29,769 ▲ 0.14% RUT 2,970 ▼ 0.77% TSX 35,235 ▲ 0.10% VIX 15.57 ▼ 1.70% USD/CAD 1.4139 ▼ 0.19% US10Y 4.5550 ▲ 0.35%
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Former minister accused of ‘mega fraud’ in Venezuela and compared to Brazil’s Lula da Silva

By · August 31, 2022 · 2 min read

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On Tuesday (Aug. 30), the Venezuelan government denounced a “mega fraud” at state-owned oil company PDVSA.

The company’s former minister and former president, Rafael Ramirez, was blamed for the US$4.85 billion hole in public coffers.

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Ramírez was one of the closest confidants of former Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez but became a rival of Nicolás Maduro.

Rafael Ramirez. (Photo internet reproduction)
Rafael Ramirez. (Photo internet reproduction)
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The accusation comes from Petroleum Minister Tareck El Aissami. According to him, PDVSA transferred several amounts (totaling US$4.85 billion) as payment for a loan taken out with Administrator Atlantic.

The debits were justified as loan installments agreed upon in February 2012, but the oil company would not have received a loan.

Atlantic would have forwarded the money to funds Violet and Vuelca, based in Panama, St. Vincent, and the Grenadines.

Prosecutor General Tarek William Saab called the scheme a “mega fraud” and announced the launch of an investigation.

Ramirez has been the target of investigations into corruption practices at the state-owned company since 2017. One hundred former executives of the company have already been arrested.

On Tuesday (Aug. 30), PDVSA’s former vice president for finance, Víctor Aular, was one of them. He is described as the person responsible for signing the loan agreement with Atlantic.

Shortly before the plan became public, Ramírez warned on Twitter that Maduro’s government was ganging up on him.

Hours later, he published a series of posts protesting his innocence. According to Ramírez, “this fierce attack is the government’s response to my recently announced presidential candidacy.

They are afraid of Chávez’s chavismo in the streets as an option; now more than ever, we will organize and defeat them.”

The former minister also compared his situation to former socialist President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) in the Lava Jato operation, the most giant corruption scam in Brazil’s history.

“Madurism is trying to do to me what the right-wings did to Lula da Silva, the same script, the same arguments, but none of it will stop us!”

“This strategy is called ‘lawfare’ and is used for political persecution in our region,” he said.

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