COLOMBIA · SECURITY
Key Facts
- The count Indepaz, a Colombian peace research group, has counted 117 social leaders killed in 2026, El Diario reported on 30 September 2026.
- The latest case Gloria Buitrago, an officer of a community board in El Plateado, Cauca, was shot by armed men travelling in two vehicles (El Diario, 30 September).
- Cauca Cauca is the worst-hit department, with 26 leaders killed in 2026, six of them in September (El Diario, citing Indepaz).
- The trend Indepaz’s own list records 187 killings in 2025; by the end of September that year, it already held more than 150.
- Official figure The Defensoría del Pueblo, the state ombudsman, counted 112 leaders killed from 1 January to 31 August 2026 (El Diario, 27 September).
Colombia social leader killings have reached 117 this year, with Cauca hit hardest, although the national pace is slower than in 2025.
Colombia has recorded 117 killings of social leaders in 2026, according to the peace research institute Indepaz. The latest victim, community leader Gloria Buitrago, was shot in El Plateado, in the south-western department of Cauca, El Diario reported.
Who was killed in El Plateado
Gloria Buitrago was the fiscal, or oversight officer, of a Junta de Acción Comunal in El Plateado. These elected neighbourhood boards run local projects and speak for villages to the state.
She had also led the local committee of bar owners. Armed men travelling in two vehicles stopped her and shot her, El Diario reported.
El Plateado lies in the municipality of Argelia, in the mountains of Cauca. No group has claimed the killing, and the authorities have not said who carried it out.
Who counts the dead
Indepaz, the Instituto de Estudios para el Desarrollo y la Paz, is a private research group in Bogotá. It keeps a public list of every social leader killed, with name, date and place.
Its definition is broad. A social leader can be a human rights defender, a union member, an indigenous or farmers’ representative, or a local activist.
The state keeps its own count. The Defensoría del Pueblo, Colombia’s ombudsman for human rights, counted 112 leaders killed from 1 January to 31 August 2026.
That official tally included 91 men and 21 women, El Diario reported on 27 September. August was the deadliest month, with 22 cases.
Since January 2016, the year Colombia signed its peace deal with the FARC guerrilla, the ombudsman has recorded 1,777 such killings. The ombudsman also counted 10 former FARC fighters who had signed the deal killed by August.
Why Cauca carries the heaviest toll
Cauca, on the Pacific side of the Andes, has the most cases in both counts. El Diario put its 2026 total at 26, six of them in September alone.
Indepaz’s list shows the pattern. James Flor and María Ovidia Palechor, an indigenous leader, were killed in Cajibío on 1 September.
Jacob Guacheta Zambrano, another indigenous leader, was killed in Morales on 10 September. Manuel España, a community board member, was killed in Argelia on 29 August.
The region sits on routes for cocaine, weapons and illegal gold. Armed groups fight over them and pressure the community groups that stand in their way.
The armed groups in the area
Leonardo González, director of Indepaz, named three forces around El Plateado. One is the Carlos Patiño structure, a faction of former FARC guerrillas who rejected the 2016 peace deal.
Another is the Diomer Cortés front of the Segunda Marquetalia, a second group of ex-FARC fighters. The third is the ELN, Colombia’s largest remaining left-wing guerrilla.
These groups “maintain disputes for territorial control and exert pressure on community organisations”, González told El Diario.
Fewer deaths than last year, still a heavy toll
The 2026 count is lower than last year’s. Indepaz’s list records 187 social leaders killed in all of 2025, and more than 150 by the end of that September.
Even at this year’s pace, a social leader is killed roughly every two to three days. Indepaz’s separate list also counts peace-deal signatories, former FARC fighters killed since laying down arms.
The fall comes after a rise. The same list counted 173 killings in 2024, so 2025 was worse than the year before it.
The ombudsman counted 86 massacres with 326 victims in the first eight months of 2026, El Diario reported. Colombia defines a massacre as three or more people killed together.
What it means beyond the villages
Most of these killings happen in rural areas far from Bogotá, Medellín and the tourist coast. Many victims worked on land claims, the environment or community boards, Indepaz’s list shows.
Each killing weakens the people who speak for villages before the state. That is the pressure on community groups that González described.
For residents and investors, the risk is concentrated in specific rural zones such as parts of Cauca. The ombudsman issues early warnings for such areas, which travellers and companies can consult.
The next test is whether the slower pace of 2026 holds through the final quarter. Indepaz updates its list as new cases are confirmed.
More: Colombia news, every day from The Rio Times.
Frequently Asked Questions
How many social leaders have been killed in Colombia in 2026?
Indepaz has counted 117 social leaders killed in 2026, El Diario reported on 30 September. The state ombudsman counted 112 from 1 January to 31 August 2026.
Who is a social leader in Colombia?
The term covers human rights defenders and people who speak for their communities. They include neighbourhood board members, union members, and indigenous and farmers’ representatives. Many work in rural areas where armed groups operate.
Are the killings rising or falling?
They are falling compared with 2025. Indepaz’s list records 187 killings in all of 2025 and more than 150 by the end of that September. This year’s count stands at 117.
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What is the background to Colombia Social Leader Killings?
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The Defensoría del Pueblo, the state ombudsman, counted 112 leaders killed from 1 January to 31 August 2026 (El Diario, 27 September).
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Sources: El Diario · El Diario · Indepaz
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