IBOV 177,547.57 ▲ 2.44% IPSA 11,009.22 ▲ 0.50% IPC MEX 67,298.78 ▲ 0.88% MERVAL 3,379,771 ▲ 2.98% COLCAP 2,297.00 ▼ 0.19% BVL PERÚ 57,575.02 — — USD/BRL5.05▼ 0.01% USD/MXN17.37▼ 0.11% USD/CLP937.27▲ 0.17% USD/COP3,205▼ 0.70% USD/PEN3.39▼ 0.31% USD/ARS1,482▲ 0.30% USD/UYU40.14▲ 1.16% USD/PYG6,035▲ 1.38% USD/BOB10.95▲ 2.82% USD/DOP57.99▼ 0.02% USD/CRC447.42▲ 1.36% USD/GTQ7.62▲ 2.31% USD/HNL26.74▲ 0.88% USD/NIO36.62▲ 0.31% USD/VES736.04▼ 0.13% USD/PAB1.00— 0.00% USD/BZD2.00— 0.00% USD/JMD157.49▲ 0.36% USD/TTD6.71▲ 0.76% EUR/BRL5.78▼ 0.36% BRENT 95.98 ▲ 2.03% WTI 88.13 ▲ 1.50% IRON ORE 161.91 — — COPPER 6.53 ▲ 1.26% GOLD 4,132 ▼ 0.36% SILVER 60.14 ▲ 0.19% SOY 1,242 ▲ 0.71% CORN 484.75 ▲ 4.92% WHEAT 703.75 ▼ 0.28% COFFEE 318.05 ▼ 4.19% SUGAR 14.75 ▼ 0.87% ORANGE JUICE 147.50 ▲ 2.57% COTTON 81.36 ▲ 3.04% COCOA 5,353 ▼ 4.53% BEEF 219.20 ▼ 3.30% CATTLE 336.15 ▼ 3.83% LITHIUM 69.00 ▼ 0.12% PETR4 42.58 ▲ 2.21% VALE3 75.10 ▲ 3.96% ITUB4 42.90 ▲ 0.87% BBDC4 18.97 ▲ 2.26% ABEV3 16.13 ▲ 2.09% BBAS3 21.09 ▲ 1.01% B3SA3 15.90 ▲ 4.81% WEGE3 46.74 ▲ 10.05% PRIO3 59.77 ▲ 2.73% SUZB3 42.66 ▲ 2.47% RENT3 37.14 ▲ 1.61% AZZA3 17.81 ▲ 1.89% CSAN3 3.92 ▲ 3.70% RAIZ4 0.27 — 0.00% PCAR3 2.75 ▲ 0.73% GMAT3 3.91 ▲ 2.09% PSSA3 55.45 ▲ 3.68% CVCB3 1.27 ▲ 13.39% POSI3 3.70 ▲ 0.54% SLCE3 13.96 ▲ 1.53% NATU3 8.68 ▼ 0.34% BRKM5 6.07 ▲ 6.30% RANI3 8.00 ▲ 1.39% CSNA3 5.38 ▲ 6.32% CMIN3 5.84 ▲ 4.66% USIM5 8.65 ▲ 2.25% GGBR4 24.06 ▲ 2.43% ENEV3 25.97 ▲ 2.16% CPFE3 46.71 ▲ 0.67% CMIG4 11.21 ▲ 1.72% EQTL3 39.35 ▲ 1.34% LREN3 13.54 ▲ 2.03% VIVT3 35.38 ▼ 1.17% RAIL3 13.64 ▲ 3.02% KLABIN 17.93 ▲ 1.93% RAIA DROGASIL 18.29 ▲ 0.88% RDOR3 34.49 ▲ 1.68% HAPV3 11.39 ▲ 1.33% FLRY3 16.65 ▲ 0.60% SMTO3 16.05 ▲ 3.02% UGPA3 32.83 ▲ 3.17% VBBR3 34.98 ▲ 3.03% BBSE3 42.58 ▲ 2.48% BPAC11 57.02 ▲ 2.98% CURY3 30.20 ▲ 0.83% AERI3 2.05 ▲ 0.49% VIVARA 21.55 ▲ 0.65% COMPASS 24.81 ▲ 1.51% VAMOS 3.23 ▲ 4.53% SANB11 26.95 ▼ 0.96% ASAI3 8.40 ▲ 1.82% SBSP3 29.29 ▲ 2.41% WALMEX 48.65 ▼ 1.02% GMEXICO 214.34 ▲ 2.57% FEMSA 227.98 ▲ 0.55% CEMEX 22.17 ▲ 0.45% GFNORTE 191.99 ▲ 3.33% BIMBO 60.30 ▲ 1.53% TELEVISA 9.82 ▲ 0.61% AMX 22.70 ▼ 0.26% GAP 378.40 ▼ 0.03% ASUR 273.53 ▼ 0.52% OMA 229.62 ▲ 1.49% KOF 182.55 ▲ 1.15% GRUMA 280.45 ▼ 0.76% KIMBER 38.85 ▲ 1.17% SQM-B 65,055 ▲ 0.80% COPEC 6,550 ▲ 1.55% BSANTANDER 79.85 ▲ 1.06% FALABELLA 6,042 ▲ 2.08% ENELAM 84.53 — 0.00% CENCOSUD 2,010 ▼ 0.89% CMPC 1,070 ▼ 1.28% BANCO CHILE 193.50 ▲ 1.84% LATAM AIR 24.09 ▼ 0.45% YPF 82,500 ▲ 2.33% GGAL 8,275 ▲ 3.89% PAMPA 5,625 ▲ 2.74% TXAR 668.50 ▼ 1.55% ALUAR 974.00 ▲ 0.10% TGS 9,905 ▲ 2.01% CEPU 2,411 ▲ 3.03% MIRGOR 16,925 ▲ 0.89% COME 43.14 ▲ 0.63% LOMA NEGRA 3,823 ▲ 6.03% BYMA 295.00 ▲ 0.94% TELECOM ARG 4,420 ▲ 3.88% ECOPETROL 16.69 ▲ 0.97% BANCOLOMBIA 84.66 ▲ 1.22% GRUPO AVAL 5.04 ▼ 0.98% CREDICORP 393.43 ▲ 0.60% SOUTHERN COPPER 195.48 ▲ 3.97% BUENAVENTURA 32.09 ▲ 2.69% MERCADOLIBRE 1,799 ▼ 1.29% NUBANK 14.51 ▲ 0.83% XP 17.30 ▲ 2.67% PAGSEGURO 9.67 ▲ 0.94% STONE 11.36 ▲ 0.93% GLOBANT 30.67 ▼ 4.45% TECNOGLASS 45.24 ▲ 0.20% GAP AIRPORT 217.70 ▲ 0.01% ASUR 273.53 ▼ 0.52% OMA AIRPORT 105.35 ▲ 1.07% AMX ADR 26.12 ▲ 0.12% FEMSA ADR 130.96 ▲ 0.47% CEMEX ADR 12.74 ▲ 0.32% PETROBRAS ADR 18.89 ▲ 1.89% VALE ADR 14.85 ▲ 4.21% ITAU ADR 8.48 ▲ 0.95% SANTANDER BR 5.45 ▲ 0.74% AMBEV ADR 3.14 ▲ 0.96% CSN 1.09 ▲ 9.00% GERDAU 4.77 ▲ 2.69% LATAM ADR 51.22 ▼ 0.68% BTC 65,600 ▼ 0.76% ETH 1,922 ▼ 0.61% SOL 77.60 ▼ 0.39% XRP 1.14 ▼ 0.57% BNB 569.70 ▼ 0.18% ADA 0.17 ▲ 0.28% DOGE 0.07 ▼ 0.63% AVAX 6.56 ▼ 0.86% LINK 8.60 ▼ 0.29% DOT 0.82 ▼ 1.10% LTC 47.16 ▲ 0.19% BCH 217.86 ▼ 0.96% TRX 0.33 ▼ 0.06% XLM 0.18 ▼ 1.63% HBAR 0.07 ▲ 0.48% NEAR 1.87 ▼ 0.05% ATOM 1.45 ▼ 0.99% AAVE 96.89 ▼ 0.48% SELIC 14.25% EMBRAER 83.79 ▲ 1.38% EMBRAER ADR 66.05 ▲ 0.89% JBS 12.25 ▲ 2.51% JBS BDR 61.80 ▲ 2.62% MBRF3 16.03 ▲ 6.09% MBRFY 3.19 ▲ 8.14% INTER 5.69 ▲ 1.97% EGX 53,932 ▼ 0.11% USD/ZAR16.35▼ 0.24% USD/NGN 1,370 — 0.00% NIKKEI 66,523 ▲ 0.62% CSI300 4,708 ▼ 0.20% HSI 25,227 ▲ 1.34% NIFTY 23,951 ▼ 0.19% KOSPI 7,032 ▲ 3.44% JCI 6,427 ▲ 1.46% USD/JPY163.05▼ 0.06% USD/CNY6.77▼ 0.08% DAX 25,155 ▲ 0.58% CAC 8,438 ▲ 0.89% FTSE 10,717 ▲ 1.24% MIB 52,792 ▲ 0.97% IBEX 19,571 ▲ 0.99% STOXX 646.93 ▲ 0.58% EUR/USD1.14▲ 0.21% GBP/USD1.34▲ 0.08% SPX 7,499 ▼ 0.14% DJI 52,219 ▼ 0.01% NDX 28,998 ▼ 0.54% RUT 2,960 ▼ 0.92% TSX 35,485 ▲ 0.33% VIX 16.64 ▼ 2.40% USD/CAD1.41▼ 0.18% US10Y 4.6570 ▲ 0.63% IBOV 177,547.57 ▲ 2.44% IPSA 11,009.22 ▲ 0.50% IPC MEX 67,298.78 ▲ 0.88% MERVAL 3,379,771 ▲ 2.98% COLCAP 2,297.00 ▼ 0.19% BVL PERÚ 57,575.02 — — USD/BRL 5.05 ▼ 0.01% USD/MXN 17.37 ▼ 0.11% USD/CLP 937.27 ▲ 0.17% USD/COP 3,205 ▼ 0.70% USD/PEN 3.39 ▼ 0.31% USD/ARS 1,482 ▼ 0.03% USD/UYU 40.14 ▲ 1.16% USD/PYG 6,035 ▲ 1.38% USD/BOB 10.95 ▲ 2.82% USD/DOP 57.99 ▼ 0.02% USD/CRC 447.42 ▲ 1.36% USD/GTQ 7.62 ▲ 2.31% USD/HNL 26.74 ▲ 0.88% USD/NIO 36.62 ▲ 0.31% USD/VES 736.04 ▼ 0.13% USD/PAB 1.00 — 0.00% USD/BZD 2.00 — 0.00% USD/JMD 157.49 ▲ 0.36% USD/TTD 6.71 ▲ 0.76% EUR/BRL 5.78 ▼ 0.36% BRENT 95.98 ▲ 2.03% WTI 88.13 ▲ 1.50% IRON ORE 161.91 — — COPPER 6.53 ▲ 1.26% GOLD 4,132 ▼ 0.36% SILVER 60.14 ▲ 0.19% SOY 1,242 ▲ 0.71% CORN 484.75 ▲ 4.92% WHEAT 703.75 ▼ 0.28% COFFEE 318.05 ▼ 4.19% SUGAR 14.75 ▼ 0.87% ORANGE JUICE 147.50 ▲ 2.57% COTTON 81.36 ▲ 3.04% COCOA 5,353 ▼ 4.53% BEEF 219.20 ▼ 3.30% CATTLE 336.15 ▼ 3.83% LITHIUM 69.00 ▼ 0.12% PETR4 42.58 ▲ 2.21% VALE3 75.10 ▲ 3.96% ITUB4 42.90 ▲ 0.87% BBDC4 18.97 ▲ 2.26% ABEV3 16.13 ▲ 2.09% BBAS3 21.09 ▲ 1.01% B3SA3 15.90 ▲ 4.81% WEGE3 46.74 ▲ 10.05% PRIO3 59.77 ▲ 2.73% SUZB3 42.66 ▲ 2.47% RENT3 37.14 ▲ 1.61% AZZA3 17.81 ▲ 1.89% CSAN3 3.92 ▲ 3.70% RAIZ4 0.27 — 0.00% PCAR3 2.75 ▲ 0.73% GMAT3 3.91 ▲ 2.09% PSSA3 55.45 ▲ 3.68% CVCB3 1.27 ▲ 13.39% POSI3 3.70 ▲ 0.54% SLCE3 13.96 ▲ 1.53% NATU3 8.68 ▼ 0.34% BRKM5 6.07 ▲ 6.30% RANI3 8.00 ▲ 1.39% CSNA3 5.38 ▲ 6.32% CMIN3 5.84 ▲ 4.66% USIM5 8.65 ▲ 2.25% GGBR4 24.06 ▲ 2.43% ENEV3 25.97 ▲ 2.16% CPFE3 46.71 ▲ 0.67% CMIG4 11.21 ▲ 1.72% EQTL3 39.35 ▲ 1.34% LREN3 13.54 ▲ 2.03% VIVT3 35.38 ▼ 1.17% RAIL3 13.64 ▲ 3.02% KLABIN 17.93 ▲ 1.93% RAIA DROGASIL 18.29 ▲ 0.88% RDOR3 34.49 ▲ 1.68% HAPV3 11.39 ▲ 1.33% FLRY3 16.65 ▲ 0.60% SMTO3 16.05 ▲ 3.02% UGPA3 32.83 ▲ 3.17% VBBR3 34.98 ▲ 3.03% BBSE3 42.58 ▲ 2.48% BPAC11 57.02 ▲ 2.98% CURY3 30.20 ▲ 0.83% AERI3 2.05 ▲ 0.49% VIVARA 21.55 ▲ 0.65% COMPASS 24.81 ▲ 1.51% VAMOS 3.23 ▲ 4.53% SANB11 26.95 ▼ 0.96% ASAI3 8.40 ▲ 1.82% SBSP3 29.29 ▲ 2.41% WALMEX 48.65 ▼ 1.02% GMEXICO 214.34 ▲ 2.57% FEMSA 227.98 ▲ 0.55% CEMEX 22.17 ▲ 0.45% GFNORTE 191.99 ▲ 3.33% BIMBO 60.30 ▲ 1.53% TELEVISA 9.82 ▲ 0.61% AMX 22.70 ▼ 0.26% GAP 378.40 ▼ 0.03% ASUR 273.53 ▼ 0.52% OMA 229.62 ▲ 1.49% KOF 182.55 ▲ 1.15% GRUMA 280.45 ▼ 0.76% KIMBER 38.85 ▲ 1.17% SQM-B 65,055 ▲ 0.80% COPEC 6,550 ▲ 1.55% BSANTANDER 79.85 ▲ 1.06% FALABELLA 6,042 ▲ 2.08% ENELAM 84.53 — 0.00% CENCOSUD 2,010 ▼ 0.89% CMPC 1,070 ▼ 1.28% BANCO CHILE 193.50 ▲ 1.84% LATAM AIR 24.09 ▼ 0.45% YPF 82,500 ▲ 2.33% GGAL 8,275 ▲ 3.89% PAMPA 5,625 ▲ 2.74% TXAR 668.50 ▼ 1.55% ALUAR 974.00 ▲ 0.10% TGS 9,905 ▲ 2.01% CEPU 2,411 ▲ 3.03% MIRGOR 16,925 ▲ 0.89% COME 43.14 ▲ 0.63% LOMA NEGRA 3,823 ▲ 6.03% BYMA 295.00 ▲ 0.94% TELECOM ARG 4,420 ▲ 3.88% ECOPETROL 16.69 ▲ 0.97% BANCOLOMBIA 84.66 ▲ 1.22% GRUPO AVAL 5.04 ▼ 0.98% CREDICORP 393.43 ▲ 0.60% SOUTHERN COPPER 195.48 ▲ 3.97% BUENAVENTURA 32.09 ▲ 2.69% MERCADOLIBRE 1,799 ▼ 1.29% NUBANK 14.51 ▲ 0.83% XP 17.30 ▲ 2.67% PAGSEGURO 9.67 ▲ 0.94% STONE 11.36 ▲ 0.93% GLOBANT 30.67 ▼ 4.45% TECNOGLASS 45.24 ▲ 0.20% GAP AIRPORT 217.70 ▲ 0.01% ASUR 273.53 ▼ 0.52% OMA AIRPORT 105.35 ▲ 1.07% AMX ADR 26.12 ▲ 0.12% FEMSA ADR 130.96 ▲ 0.47% CEMEX ADR 12.74 ▲ 0.32% PETROBRAS ADR 18.89 ▲ 1.89% VALE ADR 14.85 ▲ 4.21% ITAU ADR 8.48 ▲ 0.95% SANTANDER BR 5.45 ▲ 0.74% AMBEV ADR 3.14 ▲ 0.96% CSN 1.09 ▲ 9.00% GERDAU 4.77 ▲ 2.69% LATAM ADR 51.22 ▼ 0.68% BTC 65,600 ▼ 0.76% ETH 1,922 ▼ 0.61% SOL 77.60 ▼ 0.39% XRP 1.14 ▼ 0.57% BNB 569.70 ▼ 0.18% ADA 0.17 ▲ 0.28% DOGE 0.07 ▼ 0.63% AVAX 6.56 ▼ 0.86% LINK 8.60 ▼ 0.29% DOT 0.82 ▼ 1.10% LTC 47.16 ▲ 0.19% BCH 217.86 ▼ 0.96% TRX 0.33 ▼ 0.06% XLM 0.18 ▼ 1.63% HBAR 0.07 ▲ 0.48% NEAR 1.87 ▼ 0.05% ATOM 1.45 ▼ 0.99% AAVE 96.89 ▼ 0.48% SELIC 14.25% EMBRAER 83.79 ▲ 1.38% EMBRAER ADR 66.05 ▲ 0.89% JBS 12.25 ▲ 2.51% JBS BDR 61.80 ▲ 2.62% MBRF3 16.03 ▲ 6.09% MBRFY 3.19 ▲ 8.14% INTER 5.69 ▲ 1.97% EGX 53,932 ▼ 0.11% USD/ZAR 16.35 ▼ 0.34% USD/NGN 1,370 — 0.00% NIKKEI 66,523 ▲ 0.62% CSI300 4,708 ▼ 0.20% HSI 25,227 ▲ 1.34% NIFTY 23,951 ▼ 0.19% KOSPI 7,032 ▲ 3.44% JCI 6,427 ▲ 1.46% USD/JPY 163.04 ▼ 0.03% USD/CNY 6.7673 ▲ 0.05% DAX 25,155 ▲ 0.58% CAC 8,438 ▲ 0.89% FTSE 10,717 ▲ 1.24% MIB 52,792 ▲ 0.97% IBEX 19,571 ▲ 0.99% STOXX 646.93 ▲ 0.58% EUR/USD 1.1438 ▲ 0.25% GBP/USD 1.3391 ▲ 0.11% SPX 7,499 ▼ 0.14% DJI 52,219 ▼ 0.01% NDX 28,998 ▼ 0.54% RUT 2,960 ▼ 0.92% TSX 35,485 ▲ 0.33% VIX 16.64 ▼ 2.40% USD/CAD 1.4062 ▼ 0.14% US10Y 4.6570 ▲ 0.63%
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Thursday, July 23, 2026

Facial representation of the Brazilian Imperial Family

By · March 8, 2023 · 2 min read

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Pedro I of Brazil (Dom Pedro IV of Portugal) has recently gained a new facial representation.

The image results from a multidisciplinary team that processed about 20,000 computerized tomography images.

But that’s not all.

Facial reconstruction of Emperor Dom Pedro I (Photo internet reproduction)
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Medical and dental studies were also used in the graphic work, which also recreated the faces of Empress Leopoldina and Amelia.

The work was conducted by historian Valdirene Ambiel, author of the book “O Novo Grito do Ipiranga” (Linotipo Digital, 2017).

And this graphic work is part of her doctoral thesis at the USP School of Medicine, which was approved this Tuesday, 7.

Facial reconstruction of the Empress Dona Amélia (Photo internet reproduction)

Valdirene says that “facial approximation is a thorough correlation between bones and muscles”.

She also states, “first of all, you must study anatomy a lot because this kind of work requires the largest amount of images possible”.

The result of the analyses proved that Dom Pedro I had an elongated face, with a short upper lip and a “droopy” eye pattern.

The emperor must have had deep dark circles under his eyes and some difficulty breathing due to a deviated septum.

The author of the cry of “Independence or Death!” had the habit of chewing mainly on the right side of his mouth.

His oral hygiene was exemplary – at least for the standards of the time – because Pedro had almost all his teeth in good condition.

The analyses also showed two dental restorations, probably made of gold, in the emperor’s mouth.

Empress Amelia – Pedro’s second wife – died at 60 and had only five teeth.

Facial reconstruction of Empress Leopoldina (Photo internet reproduction)

D. Leopoldina, as an authentic representative of the Habsburgs, had asymmetric jawbones with a protruding chin.

Contrary to popular belief, her femur is not broken; there is no evidence that the empress suffered domestic violence.

With information from Revista Oeste

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