IBOV 176,723 ▲ 0.56% IPSA 10,928 ▲ 0.16% IPC MEX 66,637 ▲ 1.01% MERVAL 3,220,350 ▼ 0.46% COLCAP 2,296.81 ▼ 0.47% BVL PERÚ 56,428.20 ▲ 1.15% USD/BRL5.07▼ 1.25% USD/MXN17.42▼ 0.60% USD/CLP926.08▼ 0.73% USD/COP3,247▼ 0.48% USD/PEN3.39▼ 0.62% USD/ARS1,470▼ 0.88% USD/UYU40.23▲ 0.99% USD/PYG6,039▲ 1.12% USD/BOB10.35▲ 6.04% USD/DOP58.25▲ 0.29% USD/CRC448.93▲ 1.31% USD/GTQ7.62▲ 2.07% USD/HNL26.73▲ 1.38% USD/NIO36.62▲ 0.63% USD/VES722.19▼ 0.13% USD/PAB1.00— 0.00% USD/BZD2.00— 0.00% USD/JMD156.98▲ 0.25% USD/TTD6.75▲ 1.19% EUR/BRL5.79▼ 0.44% BRENT 85.32 ▲ 2.42% WTI 79.67 ▲ 1.96% IRON ORE 161.91 — — COPPER 6.37 ▲ 2.15% GOLD 4,063 ▲ 1.66% SILVER 59.10 ▲ 2.54% SOY 1,191 ▼ 0.96% CORN 459.50 ▲ 4.97% WHEAT 644.00 ▲ 2.71% COFFEE 327.00 ▼ 4.22% SUGAR 14.92 ▲ 1.15% ORANGE JUICE 140.90 ▼ 1.16% COTTON 81.68 ▲ 2.32% COCOA 5,936 ▲ 4.21% BEEF 231.58 ▼ 1.34% CATTLE 349.63 ▼ 1.33% LITHIUM 71.34 ▲ 1.57% PETR4 40.67 ▲ 0.02% VALE3 74.20 ▲ 1.85% ITUB4 43.51 ▼ 0.02% BBDC4 18.67 ▼ 0.53% ABEV3 15.84 ▲ 0.06% BBAS3 20.60 ▲ 1.78% B3SA3 15.47 ▲ 2.31% WEGE3 44.44 ▲ 0.11% PRIO3 57.21 ▲ 0.02% SUZB3 41.38 ▼ 0.27% RENT3 40.50 ▲ 0.75% AZZA3 18.92 ▼ 1.56% CSAN3 3.89 ▼ 0.26% RAIZ4 0.31 ▼ 6.06% PCAR3 2.48 ▼ 4.25% GMAT3 4.01 ▲ 1.78% PSSA3 54.50 ▲ 0.85% CVCB3 1.38 ▲ 10.40% POSI3 4.00 ▲ 0.25% SLCE3 13.74 ▼ 0.94% NATU3 8.55 ▼ 0.58% BRKM5 6.69 ▼ 3.60% RANI3 8.03 ▲ 1.01% CSNA3 5.15 ▼ 1.72% CMIN3 5.07 ▼ 6.97% USIM5 8.27 ▼ 1.31% GGBR4 23.17 ▲ 1.53% ENEV3 26.97 ▲ 0.33% CPFE3 47.30 ▲ 0.98% CMIG4 11.19 ▲ 1.08% EQTL3 40.93 ▲ 1.79% LREN3 14.29 ▲ 0.99% VIVT3 35.57 ▲ 2.42% RAIL3 14.12 ▲ 0.07% KLABIN 17.47 ▼ 0.06% RAIA DROGASIL 18.47 ▲ 1.48% RDOR3 36.12 ▲ 1.57% HAPV3 11.09 ▲ 6.02% FLRY3 16.48 ▲ 2.04% SMTO3 16.20 ▼ 1.04% UGPA3 30.09 ▼ 2.72% VBBR3 33.22 ▲ 1.40% BBSE3 40.31 ▲ 0.07% BPAC11 58.00 ▲ 0.83% CURY3 33.76 ▲ 1.93% AERI3 2.06 ▼ 0.96% VIVARA 23.48 ▲ 1.60% COMPASS 25.24 ▲ 1.90% VAMOS 3.12 ▲ 3.31% SANB11 27.40 ▲ 0.11% ASAI3 8.70 ▼ 0.11% SBSP3 30.36 ▼ 0.03% WALMEX 49.36 ▼ 0.58% GMEXICO 201.31 ▲ 2.92% FEMSA 232.29 ▲ 3.08% CEMEX 22.14 ▲ 1.65% GFNORTE 186.84 ▲ 2.62% BIMBO 56.37 ▲ 0.89% TELEVISA 9.52 ▼ 0.94% AMX 22.96 ▲ 1.64% GAP 394.20 ▼ 3.43% ASUR 277.85 ▼ 0.29% OMA 235.93 ▲ 1.12% KOF 180.40 ▼ 0.70% GRUMA 280.18 ▼ 0.42% KIMBER 38.54 ▲ 0.84% SQM-B 67,412 ▲ 0.30% COPEC 6,140 ▲ 1.37% BSANTANDER 78.77 ▲ 0.73% FALABELLA 5,914 ▲ 0.15% ENELAM 85.18 ▲ 1.16% CENCOSUD 2,050 ▲ 0.50% CMPC 1,087 ▲ 0.80% BANCO CHILE 188.19 ▲ 1.72% LATAM AIR 24.67 ▼ 0.92% YPF 77,400 ▲ 0.29% GGAL 7,910 ▼ 2.10% PAMPA 5,205 ▼ 0.38% TXAR 662.00 ▼ 0.38% ALUAR 950.00 ▼ 1.50% TGS 9,680 ▲ 1.15% CEPU 2,302 ▼ 0.73% MIRGOR 16,750 ▼ 1.47% COME 45.35 ▲ 1.27% LOMA NEGRA 3,513 ▲ 0.43% BYMA 301.75 ▼ 2.11% TELECOM ARG 4,310 ▲ 1.41% ECOPETROL 16.02 ▲ 0.88% BANCOLOMBIA 81.58 ▲ 1.44% GRUPO AVAL 4.92 ▲ 0.20% CREDICORP 391.68 ▲ 0.63% SOUTHERN COPPER 181.42 ▲ 3.95% BUENAVENTURA 30.75 ▲ 3.10% MERCADOLIBRE 1,856 ▼ 0.60% NUBANK 13.89 ▲ 1.57% XP 16.79 ▲ 2.54% PAGSEGURO 9.20 ▼ 0.92% STONE 11.18 ▲ 0.27% GLOBANT 31.19 ▼ 2.90% TECNOGLASS 43.85 ▲ 2.36% GAP AIRPORT 226.29 ▼ 2.78% ASUR 277.85 ▼ 0.29% OMA AIRPORT 108.15 ▲ 1.90% AMX ADR 26.27 ▲ 0.90% FEMSA ADR 133.41 ▲ 3.41% CEMEX ADR 12.72 ▲ 2.13% PETROBRAS ADR 17.94 ▲ 0.31% VALE ADR 14.58 ▲ 2.82% ITAU ADR 8.56 ▲ 1.00% SANTANDER BR 5.41 ▲ 1.12% AMBEV ADR 3.09 ▲ 0.98% CSN 1.03 ▼ 0.49% GERDAU 4.59 ▲ 2.23% LATAM ADR 53.28 ▼ 0.09% BTC 64,579 ▲ 3.76% ETH 1,878 ▲ 5.89% SOL 77.38 ▲ 3.36% XRP 1.12 ▲ 5.03% BNB 581.01 ▲ 2.54% ADA 0.16 ▲ 4.11% DOGE 0.07 ▲ 3.51% AVAX 6.67 ▲ 3.50% LINK 8.28 ▲ 5.17% DOT 0.85 ▲ 1.49% LTC 44.98 ▲ 3.43% BCH 237.01 ▲ 0.33% TRX 0.33 ▲ 0.33% XLM 0.19 ▲ 2.81% HBAR 0.07 ▲ 0.11% NEAR 2.02 ▲ 5.44% ATOM 1.56 ▲ 1.50% AAVE 98.90 ▲ 4.81% SELIC 14.25% EMBRAER 82.90 ▼ 0.13% EMBRAER ADR 65.40 ▲ 1.42% JBS 11.87 ▲ 0.59% JBS BDR 60.15 ▼ 0.76% MBRF3 16.17 ▲ 2.86% MBRFY 3.11 ▲ 1.97% INTER 5.67 ▲ 0.27% EGX 52,299 ▼ 0.59% USD/ZAR16.37▼ 0.62% USD/NGN1,381▲ 0.07% NIKKEI 67,744 ▲ 0.74% CSI300 4,797 ▲ 2.15% HSI 24,341 ▲ 0.52% NIFTY 24,052 ▼ 0.66% KOSPI 6,857 ▲ 0.73% JCI 6,040 ▲ 0.03% USD/JPY162.18▼ 0.16% USD/CNY6.76▼ 0.26% DAX 25,147 ▲ 0.13% CAC 8,367 ▲ 0.03% FTSE 10,529 ▲ 0.30% MIB 52,863 ▲ 0.10% IBEX 19,357 ▲ 0.11% STOXX 642.10 ▲ 0.17% EUR/USD1.14▲ 0.39% GBP/USD1.34— 0.00% SPX 7,546 ▲ 0.40% DJI 52,513 ▲ 0.03% NDX 29,594 ▲ 1.13% RUT 2,964 ▲ 0.36% TSX 35,316 ▲ 0.18% VIX 16.42 ▼ 4.31% USD/CAD1.41▼ 0.62% US10Y 4.5890 ▼ 0.43% IBOV 176,723 ▲ 0.56% IPSA 10,928 ▲ 0.16% IPC MEX 66,637 ▲ 1.01% MERVAL 3,220,350 ▼ 0.46% COLCAP 2,296.81 ▼ 0.47% BVL PERÚ 56,428.20 ▲ 1.15% USD/BRL 5.07 ▼ 1.25% USD/MXN 17.42 ▼ 0.60% USD/CLP 926.08 ▼ 0.73% USD/COP 3,247 ▼ 0.48% USD/PEN 3.39 ▼ 0.62% USD/ARS 1,470 ▼ 0.88% USD/UYU 40.23 ▲ 0.99% USD/PYG 6,039 ▲ 1.12% USD/BOB 10.35 ▲ 6.04% USD/DOP 58.25 ▲ 0.29% USD/CRC 448.93 ▲ 1.31% USD/GTQ 7.62 ▲ 2.07% USD/HNL 26.73 ▲ 1.38% USD/NIO 36.62 ▲ 0.63% USD/VES 722.19 ▼ 0.13% USD/PAB 1.00 — 0.00% USD/BZD 2.00 — 0.00% USD/JMD 156.98 ▲ 0.25% USD/TTD 6.75 ▲ 1.19% EUR/BRL 5.79 ▼ 0.44% BRENT 85.32 ▲ 2.42% WTI 79.67 ▲ 1.96% IRON ORE 161.91 — — COPPER 6.37 ▲ 2.15% GOLD 4,063 ▲ 1.66% SILVER 59.10 ▲ 2.54% SOY 1,191 ▼ 0.96% CORN 459.50 ▲ 4.97% WHEAT 644.00 ▲ 2.71% COFFEE 327.00 ▼ 4.22% SUGAR 14.92 ▲ 1.15% ORANGE JUICE 140.90 ▼ 1.16% COTTON 81.68 ▲ 2.32% COCOA 5,936 ▲ 4.21% BEEF 231.58 ▼ 1.34% CATTLE 349.63 ▼ 1.33% LITHIUM 71.34 ▲ 1.57% PETR4 40.67 ▲ 0.02% VALE3 74.20 ▲ 1.85% ITUB4 43.51 ▼ 0.02% BBDC4 18.67 ▼ 0.53% ABEV3 15.84 ▲ 0.06% BBAS3 20.60 ▲ 1.78% B3SA3 15.47 ▲ 2.31% WEGE3 44.44 ▲ 0.11% PRIO3 57.21 ▲ 0.02% SUZB3 41.38 ▼ 0.27% RENT3 40.50 ▲ 0.75% AZZA3 18.92 ▼ 1.56% CSAN3 3.89 ▼ 0.26% RAIZ4 0.31 ▼ 6.06% PCAR3 2.48 ▼ 4.25% GMAT3 4.01 ▲ 1.78% PSSA3 54.50 ▲ 0.85% CVCB3 1.38 ▲ 10.40% POSI3 4.00 ▲ 0.25% SLCE3 13.74 ▼ 0.94% NATU3 8.55 ▼ 0.58% BRKM5 6.69 ▼ 3.60% RANI3 8.03 ▲ 1.01% CSNA3 5.15 ▼ 1.72% CMIN3 5.07 ▼ 6.97% USIM5 8.27 ▼ 1.31% GGBR4 23.17 ▲ 1.53% ENEV3 26.97 ▲ 0.33% CPFE3 47.30 ▲ 0.98% CMIG4 11.19 ▲ 1.08% EQTL3 40.93 ▲ 1.79% LREN3 14.29 ▲ 0.99% VIVT3 35.57 ▲ 2.42% RAIL3 14.12 ▲ 0.07% KLABIN 17.47 ▼ 0.06% RAIA DROGASIL 18.47 ▲ 1.48% RDOR3 36.12 ▲ 1.57% HAPV3 11.09 ▲ 6.02% FLRY3 16.48 ▲ 2.04% SMTO3 16.20 ▼ 1.04% UGPA3 30.09 ▼ 2.72% VBBR3 33.22 ▲ 1.40% BBSE3 40.31 ▲ 0.07% BPAC11 58.00 ▲ 0.83% CURY3 33.76 ▲ 1.93% AERI3 2.06 ▼ 0.96% VIVARA 23.48 ▲ 1.60% COMPASS 25.24 ▲ 1.90% VAMOS 3.12 ▲ 3.31% SANB11 27.40 ▲ 0.11% ASAI3 8.70 ▼ 0.11% SBSP3 30.36 ▼ 0.03% WALMEX 49.36 ▼ 0.58% GMEXICO 201.31 ▲ 2.92% FEMSA 232.29 ▲ 3.08% CEMEX 22.14 ▲ 1.65% GFNORTE 186.84 ▲ 2.62% BIMBO 56.37 ▲ 0.89% TELEVISA 9.52 ▼ 0.94% AMX 22.96 ▲ 1.64% GAP 394.20 ▼ 3.43% ASUR 277.85 ▼ 0.29% OMA 235.93 ▲ 1.12% KOF 180.40 ▼ 0.70% GRUMA 280.18 ▼ 0.42% KIMBER 38.54 ▲ 0.84% SQM-B 67,412 ▲ 0.30% COPEC 6,140 ▲ 1.37% BSANTANDER 78.77 ▲ 0.73% FALABELLA 5,914 ▲ 0.15% ENELAM 85.18 ▲ 1.16% CENCOSUD 2,050 ▲ 0.50% CMPC 1,087 ▲ 0.80% BANCO CHILE 188.19 ▲ 1.72% LATAM AIR 24.67 ▼ 0.92% YPF 77,400 ▲ 0.29% GGAL 7,910 ▼ 2.10% PAMPA 5,205 ▼ 0.38% TXAR 662.00 ▼ 0.38% ALUAR 950.00 ▼ 1.50% TGS 9,680 ▲ 1.15% CEPU 2,302 ▼ 0.73% MIRGOR 16,750 ▼ 1.47% COME 45.35 ▲ 1.27% LOMA NEGRA 3,513 ▲ 0.43% BYMA 301.75 ▼ 2.11% TELECOM ARG 4,310 ▲ 1.41% ECOPETROL 16.02 ▲ 0.88% BANCOLOMBIA 81.58 ▲ 1.44% GRUPO AVAL 4.92 ▲ 0.20% CREDICORP 391.68 ▲ 0.63% SOUTHERN COPPER 181.42 ▲ 3.95% BUENAVENTURA 30.75 ▲ 3.10% MERCADOLIBRE 1,856 ▼ 0.60% NUBANK 13.89 ▲ 1.57% XP 16.79 ▲ 2.54% PAGSEGURO 9.20 ▼ 0.92% STONE 11.18 ▲ 0.27% GLOBANT 31.19 ▼ 2.90% TECNOGLASS 43.85 ▲ 2.36% GAP AIRPORT 226.29 ▼ 2.78% ASUR 277.85 ▼ 0.29% OMA AIRPORT 108.15 ▲ 1.90% AMX ADR 26.27 ▲ 0.90% FEMSA ADR 133.41 ▲ 3.41% CEMEX ADR 12.72 ▲ 2.13% PETROBRAS ADR 17.94 ▲ 0.31% VALE ADR 14.58 ▲ 2.82% ITAU ADR 8.56 ▲ 1.00% SANTANDER BR 5.41 ▲ 1.12% AMBEV ADR 3.09 ▲ 0.98% CSN 1.03 ▼ 0.49% GERDAU 4.59 ▲ 2.23% LATAM ADR 53.28 ▼ 0.09% BTC 64,579 ▲ 3.76% ETH 1,878 ▲ 5.89% SOL 77.38 ▲ 3.36% XRP 1.12 ▲ 5.03% BNB 581.01 ▲ 2.54% ADA 0.16 ▲ 4.11% DOGE 0.07 ▲ 3.51% AVAX 6.67 ▲ 3.50% LINK 8.28 ▲ 5.17% DOT 0.85 ▲ 1.49% LTC 44.98 ▲ 3.43% BCH 237.01 ▲ 0.33% TRX 0.33 ▲ 0.33% XLM 0.19 ▲ 2.81% HBAR 0.07 ▲ 0.11% NEAR 2.02 ▲ 5.44% ATOM 1.56 ▲ 1.50% AAVE 98.90 ▲ 4.81% SELIC 14.25% EMBRAER 82.90 ▼ 0.13% EMBRAER ADR 65.40 ▲ 1.42% JBS 11.87 ▲ 0.59% JBS BDR 60.15 ▼ 0.76% MBRF3 16.17 ▲ 2.86% MBRFY 3.11 ▲ 1.97% INTER 5.67 ▲ 0.27% EGX 52,299 ▼ 0.59% USD/ZAR 16.38 ▼ 0.50% USD/NGN 1,381 ▲ 0.20% NIKKEI 67,744 ▲ 0.74% CSI300 4,797 ▲ 2.15% HSI 24,341 ▲ 0.52% NIFTY 24,052 ▼ 0.66% KOSPI 6,857 ▲ 0.73% JCI 6,040 ▲ 0.03% USD/JPY 162.17 ▼ 0.16% USD/CNY 6.7624 ▼ 0.13% DAX 25,147 ▲ 0.13% CAC 8,367 ▲ 0.03% FTSE 10,529 ▲ 0.30% MIB 52,863 ▲ 0.10% IBEX 19,357 ▲ 0.11% STOXX 642.10 ▲ 0.17% EUR/USD 1.1429 ▲ 0.37% GBP/USD 1.3383 ▲ 0.25% SPX 7,546 ▲ 0.40% DJI 52,513 ▲ 0.03% NDX 29,594 ▲ 1.13% RUT 2,964 ▲ 0.36% TSX 35,316 ▲ 0.18% VIX 16.42 ▼ 4.31% USD/CAD 1.4066 ▼ 0.61% US10Y 4.5890 ▼ 0.43%
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Opinion: Brazil’s Criminal Mastermind–Part the Next

By · October 19, 2016 · 3 min read

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Opinion, by Michael Royster

RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL – On Tuesday, October 18th, former President Lula took the opportunity to publish an exculpatory diatribe in the São Paulo newspaper A Folha, which he entitled “Why they want to convict me”. In it, he said “It’s not Lula they want to convict: it’s the political program I represent.

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Unfortunately for Lula, he’s completely right on this point. The political program he represents—which he initiated, masterminded and oversaw—has a name. It was baptized “propinocracia” or the “rule of graft” by the prosecutors, and it was only achievable by foul means, not fair.

Earlier in the article, Lula makes his main mistake. He complains that the investigating police and prosecutors “did not know how a coalition government functions, how a ‘medida provisória’ becomes legislation, how government bids are conducted, how state-owned banks like BNDES analyze and approve financing arrangements.”

Unfortunately for Lula, he’s completely wrong on this point—the police and prosecutors may not have known how things worked before they began the Mensalão and Lava-Jato investigations, but they were quick learners.

Presidential systems have never been able to function under a coalition government, anywhere in the world—they are inherently antipathetic. Even parliamentary systems collapse under the weight of more than thirty political parties scrabbling around for scraps of power under the table. Lula fomented the formation of these “minnow” parties.

Medidas provisórias are also inherently incompatible with presidential systems of government, because they allow the president to legislate, in violation of the essence of the constitutional separation of powers. They were widely used in failed parliamentary systems, notably early 20th century Italy and Germany, which eventually produced Mussolini and Hitler.

Under the Lula/Dilma regime, all government bids, including those of Petrobras, Eletrobras and other state-owned companies, were systematically plundered by PT, PMDB, PP and other political parties part of the aforementioned coalition government, and by the corrupt contractors who were favored with the winning bids.

These same contractors, and others of their ilk who successfully curried Lula’s favor, were the prime beneficiaries of the BNDES financing programs, where they received loans at subsidized interest rates. Banco do Brasil and Caixa Econômica had their top management appointed by the members of the coalition government. These managers had standing orders to “analyze and approve” any financing arrangements based on their political benefits to the coalition.

Lula continues to maintain, in his defense, that the political program he instituted brought huge benefits to the poor and downtrodden. He may be right, but he fails to mention that it also brought him and his coalition cronies large voting majorities.

Lula continues to maintain that he was never personally enriched by the Mensalão or the Petrolão schemes, and he denies he is the owner of the triplex and the weekend home gifted him by contractors. The prosecutors beg to differ.

Lula continues to maintain he never knew about any of the corruption schemes. But Lula ran Brazil, with Dilma’s help, for twelve years. During that time, corruption became wider and deeper than ever in Brazil’s history. Only one person had the time, the energy and the volition to make it happen, and that was Lula.

The Curmudgeon continues to be amazed at the chutzpah Lula demonstrates.

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