Argentina and IMF Agree on new Debt Relief Program

RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL – Kristalina Georgieva, Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and Argentina’s Economy Minister Martín Guzmán agreed on the sidelines of the G-20 Summit in Saudi Arabia last Saturday to renegotiate the South American country’s debt agreement.

Both sides are willing to work together to find a solution to Argentina’s debt crisis, which the IMF considers “unsustainable” under current credit terms. The aim is to reduce the debt to a level that is compatible with a “manageable” financing and a “satisfactory” growth level.

To this end, private creditors were asked to make “significant” debt cuts – a major relief for the current government of Alberto Fernández. The lack of demands for budget cuts by the IMF, which according to Guzmán were not even planned by the government until the next presidential elections in 2023, is surprising.

The renegotiation includes a reassessment of the accounts of the Argentine economy, as provided for in Article IV of the IMF’s founding agreement.

This includes an examination of the exchange rate policy that former Presidents Néstor and Cristina Kirchner (2007-2015) opposed and which was only conducted under the mandate of the neoliberal government headed by Mauricio Macri.

The Argentine government is expected to submit specific proposals to private creditors in the second week of March.

Last Tuesday, Guzmán met with US banks and investment funds in New York, where the majority of private creditors are based. The latter called for the subsequently agreed revision according to Article IV.

Augusto Salvatto, a researcher at the Center for International Studies of the Catholic University of Buenos Aires (UCA), stated that the relationship between the IMF and Argentina has been conflict-ridden for decades: “The trigger for this was the revision of the IMF’s lending policy following Argentina’s severe economic crisis in 2001”.

The IMF director’s current stance of introducing a change in the advice given to developing and emerging countries and placing a greater focus on social consequences is therefore all the more surprising. However, according to Salvatto, this could be politically motivated, as “60 percent of the IMF’s current loans to Argentina were granted”.

Argentina’s debt to the IMF currently stands at approximately US$44 billion, part of which is due to a US$56 billion loan from the IMF to Macri’s government in 2018. This is the largest loan in the Fund’s history to date. The country’s total debt in mid-2019 amounted to more than US$311 billion, equivalent to more than 90 percent of GDP (Gross Domestic Product).

In addition to one of the highest annual inflation rates in the world at around 50 percent, the poverty rate among the population rose to some 40 percent and the national currency has severely depreciated.

The last audit in December 2017 projected that the Argentine economy would stabilize by 2020, despite warnings from experts about inconsistencies within the various economic policy measures. In April 2018, the balance of payments ultimately shot up the exchange rate against the dollar, whereupon the Macri government chose to take out the aforementioned loans.