Colombia’s “Total Peace” Plan Faces Second Major Setback

Colombia’s ambitious “Total Peace” policy faces a critical setback as President Gustavo Petro suspends talks with the National Liberation Army (ELN) for the second time in his presidency.

This decision follows the ELN’s recent attacks in the Catatumbo region, which resulted in civilian casualties. These actions have further undermined the fragile peace process.

Since Petro took office in August 2022, peace negotiations with the ELN have shown both promise and peril. The talks achieved a historic one-year bilateral ceasefire, the longest in the ELN’s 60-year history.

This ceasefire contributed to a 48% decrease in violence between security forces and armed groups during its first year. However, the ELN’s continued engagement in violent activities has repeatedly jeopardized the peace process.

The first suspension occurred in September 2024 following an ELN attack on a military base. The current suspension, announced on January 17, 2025, stems from what Petro described as “war crimes” committed by the ELN in Catatumbo.

Despite some progress, including the ELN’s commitment to cease kidnappings and the establishment of a National Participation Committee, the peace talks face significant challenges.

The ELN’s decentralized structure and reluctance to fully commit to the peace process have hindered substantial progress. As Colombia approaches the end of Petro’s term, the future of the peace process hangs in the balance.

The government’s ability to balance negotiations with security concerns will be crucial. This balance will play a key role in determining the success of the “Total Peace” policy.

This ongoing struggle for peace in Colombia serves as a stark reminder of the complexities involved in resolving long-standing armed conflicts.