All four Mercosur parliaments have ratified the deal. On March 23, 2026, the European Commission formally notified Paraguay — the legal custodian of Mercosur treaties — via note verbale, completing the final procedural step for provisional application. Tariff reductions begin on May 1, 2026 between the EU and all four Mercosur founding members. The European Parliament’s CJEU referral (January 21, 2026, vote: 334–324) does not legally block provisional application; full EU Parliament ratification remains suspended pending a Court of Justice opinion expected no earlier than late 2027. France, Poland, Ireland, Austria, and Hungary continue to oppose the deal politically, but cannot halt provisional implementation. A new EU Safeguard Regulation, adopted by the European Parliament on February 10, 2026, allows the EU to suspend tariff preferences if agricultural import surges exceed a 5% volume or price threshold.
The EU-Mercosur Interim Trade Agreement enters provisional application on May 1, 2026, covering 720 million people across 31 countries. All four Mercosur states ratified by March 17, 2026. Tariffs on 90%+ of bilateral trade will phase out over 5–18 years. The EU Court of Justice is reviewing the deal’s legal basis; a ruling is not expected before late 2027. Businesses can start using preferential tariffs from May 1.
After 26 years of negotiations, five French presidents, and four Brazilian leaders, the EU-Mercosur trade agreement is finally becoming reality. With provisional application set for May 1, 2026 — now just two weeks away — the world’s largest free trade area by population (720 million consumers across 31 countries) is about to go live. All four Mercosur parliaments have ratified the deal, the EU Commission has issued its formal notification, and tariff reductions begin on Day 1. Here is everything you need to know about what the deal contains, who wins and loses, and what happens when the clock strikes midnight on May 1.
The Deal in Numbers
| Metric | Figure |
|---|---|
| Population covered | ~720 million |
| Annual bilateral trade | €111 billion (2024) |
| Tariffs eliminated | 91% of Mercosur goods, 95% of EU goods |
| EU tariff savings | €4 billion+ annually |
| EU GIs protected | 344 products (Champagne, Prosciutto, etc.) |
| Years of negotiations | 26 (1999–2024) |
| Provisional application | May 1, 2026 |
What Is the EU-Mercosur Trade Deal?
The EU-Mercosur trade deal is a free trade agreement between the European Union (27 member states) and Mercosur’s four founding members — Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay. Signed on January 17, 2026 in Asunción, it eliminates tariffs on more than 90% of bilateral trade.
The agreement consists of two instruments: the EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement (EMPA), covering trade, political dialogue, and cooperation; and the Interim Trade Agreement (iTA), which covers trade only and falls under EU exclusive competence. The iTA does not require ratification by all 27 EU national parliaments — only EU Council qualified majority and European Parliament consent — which is why it could enter provisional application faster.
Full Timeline: 26 Years to Signing
The Foundations (1991–1999)
Mercosur was established in 1991 by the Treaty of Asunción. In 1995, the EU and Mercosur signed a framework cooperation agreement. Formal trade negotiations launched in 1999 at a summit in Rio de Janeiro.
Two Decades of Stall (2000–2016)
Nearly 20 rounds of negotiations between 2000 and 2004 yielded no deal. EU agriculture sensitivities — especially beef — and Mercosur reluctance on services and manufacturing tariff concessions were the main obstacles. Talks stalled entirely from 2004 to 2016 as both blocs pursued other priorities.
The 2019 Political Agreement
On June 28, 2019, at the G20 Osaka summit, the EU and Mercosur reached a political agreement in principle after 20 years. But within weeks, Amazon wildfires under President Bolsonaro triggered international outrage, and France’s Macron threatened to block the deal over deforestation concerns. The European Parliament passed a resolution stating the deal “cannot be ratified as it stands.”
Renegotiation Under Lula and Milei (2023–2024)
When Lula returned to power in January 2023, he immediately prioritized the agreement. Seven rounds of renegotiation were held in Brasília. Argentina’s new President Javier Milei, taking office in late 2023, became an unexpected pro-deal force — his predecessor had been a key obstacle.
On December 6, 2024, European Commission President von der Leyen flew to Montevideo and announced the final agreement. France immediately declared it “unacceptable.”
Ratification (January–March 2026)
On January 9, 2026, the EU Council voted 21–5 to approve the agreement. France, Austria, Hungary, Ireland, and Poland voted against, with Belgium abstaining. Italy — which had delayed its support through December 2025 — ultimately backed the deal after the Commission pledged to unlock €45 billion from the 2028–2034 CAP budget early to support EU farmers. The formal signing ceremony was held on January 17 in Asunción.
The European Parliament then voted 334–324 to refer the deal to the EU Court of Justice, suspending parliamentary ratification for 16–18 months. But this did not stop provisional application.
On the Mercosur side, ratification was swift: Uruguay ratified first (91–2) on February 25, Argentina completed ratification on February 26 (Senate 69–3), Brazil’s Senate voted unanimously on March 4, and Paraguay completed the sequence unanimously on March 17.
What the Deal Contains
Tariffs: What Gets Eliminated
EU exports to Mercosur:
| EU Product | Current Mercosur Tariff | After Deal |
|---|---|---|
| Cars and auto parts (standard) | 35% | 0% (10-year phase-in; electric/hybrid to 5% in 15 yrs, 0% in 18 yrs) |
| Wine | 27% | 0% |
| Dairy (cheese, etc.) | 28% | 0% |
| Machinery & electrical equipment | 14–35% | 0% (95% of exports covered) |
| Chemicals | 10–20% | 0% |
| Pharmaceuticals | Up to 14% | 0% |
Mercosur exports to EU:
| Mercosur Product | Quota | Preferential Tariff |
|---|---|---|
| Beef (fresh/frozen) — Year 1 | ~16,425 tonnes (phasing to 99,000 by Year 5) | 7.5% |
| Beef (fresh/frozen) — Full quota from Year 5 | 99,000 tonnes/year | 7.5% |
| Poultry — Year 1 (phasing to full over 6 years) | 30,000 tonnes (rising to 180,000) | 0% (within quota) |
| Sugar (raw cane for refining) | 180,000 tonnes/year | 0% (within quota) |
| Ethanol (chemical/industrial use) | 450,000 tonnes/year | 0% (within quota) |
| Rice | 60,000 tonnes/year | 0% (within quota) |
| Soybeans & soymeal | No new quota | Already 0% (WTO MFN) |
The beef quota represents just 1.5% of total EU beef production — equivalent to roughly one steak per EU citizen per year. On Day 1, 82.7% of Brazil’s current EU exports will face zero tariffs. According to the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (February 2026), soybeans and soymeal are notably absent from the new tariff schedule because both already enter the EU duty-free under WTO commitments.
Tariffs Before vs. After Provisional Application (May 1, 2026)
| Product Flow | Pre-Deal Tariff / Status | From May 1, 2026 | Full Phase-In |
|---|---|---|---|
| EU Cars → Mercosur | 35% | First annual reduction begins (gradual) | 0% after ~10 years (conventional); 0% after 18 yrs (EV/hybrid) |
| EU Machinery → Mercosur | 14–35% | First annual step-down | 0% within 10 years for 95% of products |
| EU Wine → Mercosur | 27% | Elimination begins | 0% (short phase-in) |
| EU Dairy → Mercosur | 28% | Step-down starts; EU cheese TRQ for Mercosur: 30,000t rising over 10 yrs | 0% (10-year schedule) |
| Mercosur Beef → EU | 20% (fresh); 12.5% (frozen) — above Hilton quota at 20% | New 99,000t TRQ at 7.5% (starts at ~16,425t in Year 1); existing Hilton 10,000t quota at 20% eliminated immediately | TRQ reaches full 99,000t by Year 5; tariff stays at 7.5% |
| Mercosur Poultry → EU | €1,024/t above existing 15,050t zero-tariff quota | New 180,000t quota at 0% starts phasing in (approx 30,000t Year 1) | Full 180,000t quota reached Year 6 |
| Mercosur Sugar (raw) → EU | High MFN duties | 180,000t duty-free TRQ activated | Full from Day 1 (quota stable) |
| Mercosur Ethanol → EU | High MFN duties | 450,000t chemical-use quota at 0%; 200,000t other use at 1/3 standard duty — both phased in over 5 years | Full quotas by Year 5 |
| Mercosur Soybeans → EU | 0% (WTO MFN) | No change — already zero | No schedule |
| EU Pharmaceuticals → Mercosur | Up to 14% | Elimination begins | 0% within agreed phase-in |
Sources: AGRINFO Platform (April 17, 2026); Agriland (December 2024); Blomstein Law (2025); European Commission.
Government Procurement: A Historic First
For the first time, Mercosur public tender markets are opened to EU companies on equal terms with domestic providers. Brazil retains the right to apply 25% price preferences for domestic small enterprises and keeps its public health system excluded from procurement rules.
Geographic Indications: 344 EU Products Protected
The deal protects 344 European geographic indications from imitation in Mercosur — including Champagne, Roquefort, Prosciutto di Parma, and Münchener Bier. Italian GIs alone number 57, including 31 wines. Mercosur secures recognition for 195 of its own GIs in the EU market, including 37 from Brazil. Products protected by GIs typically command prices 2–3x higher than generic equivalents.
Environmental and Deforestation Provisions
The most contested element. The deal includes a binding commitment to combat illegal logging and a Paris Agreement clause committing both sides to climate neutrality by 2050. The EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) continues to apply to all imports, with full enforcement expected from December 2026.
Critics, however, argue the provisions are insufficient. Greenpeace warns that a “rebalancing mechanism” — allowing Mercosur to challenge EU environmental measures that affect trade concessions — could create a chilling effect on future green legislation. Earth.org estimates up to 700,000 hectares of forest could be destroyed annually from increased agricultural exports. The European Parliament’s CJEU referral specifically flags the rebalancing clause as potentially incompatible with EU treaty obligations, according to the White & Case legal analysis (March 2026).
Critical Raw Materials
The EU gains preferential access to critical minerals — lithium, copper, cobalt, and rare earths — reducing dependence on China for the clean energy transition. Brazil negotiated the right to apply export duties on critical minerals of up to 25% to foster local value-adding.
Key Players
The EU Champions
Ursula von der Leyen championed the deal throughout both her Commission terms, flying to Montevideo personally to seal the December 2024 agreement and pushing for provisional application over European Parliament objections. Germany was the lead supporter — BMW, Volkswagen, and Mercedes stand to gain most from the elimination of 35% car tariffs. Spain projected a 37% increase in exports and 22,000 new jobs. Italy joined the pro-deal camp in January 2026 after securing CAP budget concessions and CBAM fertiliser exemptions.
The EU Opponents: France, Poland, Ireland, Austria, Hungary
France, under Macron, led the opposition throughout. French farmers — the EU’s largest agricultural lobby — fear cheap Mercosur imports. Macron called the deal “from another age” and declared France would vote against on January 8, hours before the Council vote. He cited limited economic benefit (+0.05% of EU GDP by 2040) and food sovereignty concerns. FNSEA president Arnaud Rousseau, the country’s largest farm union, drove tractors into Paris for two consecutive weeks in January 2026. The FNSEA staged further protests outside the European Parliament in Strasbourg on January 20. 10,000 farmers had protested in Brussels in December 2025.
As of April 2026, French Farm Minister Annie Genevard has stated Paris will continue to fight the deal during the CJEU review process and in future European Parliament ratification votes. The new EU Safeguard Regulation (adopted February 10, 2026) — allowing suspension of tariff preferences if imports surge 5% in volume or price — was partly a concession to French and Polish demands.
Poland voted against the deal, with Agriculture Minister Stefan Krajewski calling it a threat to Polish livestock and grain farmers. Ireland voted against, citing beef industry vulnerability. Austria was legally obligated to vote no. Hungary voted against on political grounds.
Brazil: Lula’s Diplomatic Push
Brazil represents the lion’s share of Mercosur’s territory, GDP, and population. Lula held six meetings with von der Leyen between June 2023 and December 2024 and pushed for key Brazilian protections: automotive safeguards, critical minerals export rights, and industrial policy space. Brazil’s Senate ratified unanimously on March 4, 2026.
Argentina: Milei’s Surprise Support
Milei became an unexpected pro-deal force, seeing it as central to his trade liberalization agenda. Argentina was the first Mercosur country to complete ratification (February 26, Senate 69–3), just five days after his Chamber of Deputies vote of 203–42. At the signing ceremony in Asunción, Milei described the deal as “a starting point” and signalled he wants Mercosur to advance further deals with Vietnam, India, Indonesia, and others. However, Milei separately signed a bilateral trade agreement with the United States in February 2026, technically challenging Mercosur’s principle of bloc-only external bargaining.
Brazilian Agribusiness Reactions (April 2026)
ABIEC (Brazilian Beef Exporters Association)
Roberto Perosa, ABIEC’s president, told Valor Econômico in January 2026 that Brazil could increase its EU beef shipments by 5–7% annually once the deal is fully operational, but noted that material impacts on exports would only emerge from 2027 onward due to quota ramp-up schedules. The 99,000-tonne TRQ starts at roughly 16,425 tonnes in Year 1, reaching full volume by Year 5. Perosa highlighted the EU deal as a key market diversification lever as China imposed new beef import quotas reducing Brazilian shipments by approximately 35% (from ~1.7 million tonnes in 2025 to a 1.106 million tonne quota for 2026). ABIEC projects total 2026 beef exports of 3.3–3.5 million tonnes, stable vs 2025, with EU access providing a higher-value alternative to Chinese quota volumes.
ABPA (Brazilian Poultry Producers Association)
ABPA welcomed the poultry provisions but noted that “positive economic impacts will be gradual”, subject to the six-year quota phase-in and strict EU sanitary and environmental compliance requirements. The association emphasized that not all Brazilian poultry processing facilities are currently certified for EU export, limiting the immediate addressable volume.
CNA (Brazilian Confederation of Agriculture and Livestock)
CNA’s International Relations Director, Sueme Mori, called the deal “a landmark” and described it as essential for trade diversification: “CNA supports trade liberalization, understanding the importance and positive impact that exports have not only on the agricultural sector but on the Brazilian economy as a whole.” CNA has, however, consistently opposed the EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) — a companion policy set for enforcement from December 2026 — calling it “green protectionism” that could offset some deal benefits for Brazil’s large agribusiness operators.
Economic Impact: Winners and Losers
| Economy | Projected GDP Gain | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Brazil | +0.34% (~R$37 billion) | Brazilian Foreign Ministry |
| Mercosur (total) | +0.12% to +0.16% | Johns Hopkins BIPR |
| EU (total) | +0.02% to +0.1% | Various estimates |
| Spain | +0.23% / 22,000+ jobs | Spanish Ministry of Economy |
| Brazil agribusiness (cumulative to 2040) | +US$10.9 billion in production value | IPEA / USDA FAS (Feb 2026) |
For Brazil, the deal is projected to boost exports by 2.65% and reduce consumer prices by 0.56% over two decades. EU exports to Mercosur are projected to increase 39%. The bilateral trade relationship — already worth $100 billion annually — will deepen significantly. IPEA estimates cumulative gains to Brazil’s agribusiness sector of US$6.2 billion by 2040, led by vegetable oils and fats (up 41%), pork and poultry (up 227%), beef (significant %), and sugar (up 64%).
The Trump Tariff Factor
Trump’s tariff escalation through 2025 created existential pressure for both blocs to diversify trade partners. Brazilian exports to the US fell 18.7% in Q1 2026, while EU trade with Mercosur rose. The deal is increasingly seen as a strategic hedge against US market unpredictability. Italy’s last-minute support was partly motivated by this geopolitical calculation — as the world’s fourth-largest exporter, Italy could not ignore new access to 260 million Mercosur consumers in the face of rising US and China protectionism.
Ratification Status (April 2026)
| Entity | Status | Date |
|---|---|---|
| EU Council | Approved (21–5, Belgium abstained) | January 9, 2026 |
| Uruguay | Ratified (91–2) | February 25, 2026 |
| Argentina | Ratified (Chamber 203–42; Senate 69–3) | February 26, 2026 |
| Brazil | Ratified (Chamber February 25; Senate unanimous March 4) | March 4, 2026 |
| Paraguay | Ratified (58–0 Chamber; Senate unanimous) | March 17, 2026 |
| EU Commission note verbale to Paraguay | Sent — final procedural step completed | March 23, 2026 |
| EU Provisional Application | Active from May 1, 2026 | May 1, 2026 |
| EU Court of Justice Review (CJEU) | Pending — Parliament referral 334–324 | Expected late 2027 |
| EU Parliament Full Ratification | Suspended pending CJEU ruling | Post-CJEU opinion |
| All 27 EU National Parliaments (full EMPA) | Required for full EMPA entry into force | Years away |
Countdown: 14 Days to Provisional Application
As of April 17, 2026, all procedural requirements for May 1 provisional application have been met. Paraguay — the final Mercosur country — ratified on March 17 and submitted its diplomatic note to the EU before the end-of-March deadline. The European Commission confirmed the May 1 start date on March 23, and Brazil’s government issued a joint statement on March 24 confirming its readiness.
Businesses on both sides are preparing: the EU’s Access2Markets platform will publish detailed guidance for exporters on tariff schedules, rules of origin, and customs procedures. Brazilian agribusiness associations are already negotiating forward contracts for the first quota-period beef and poultry shipments. According to Gecić Law (March 2026), sectors to watch on Day 1 include automobiles, machinery, pharmaceuticals, wine and spirits, chocolate, olive oil, and critical raw materials.
The only outstanding legal risk is the European Court of Justice review, requested by the European Parliament on January 21. Legal experts estimate the opinion will come in late 2027 at the earliest; the Article 218(11) TFEU procedure typically takes 12–22 months. The Elcano Royal Institute notes three key CJEU questions: (1) Is the iTA/EMPA split legally valid? (2) Does the rebalancing clause threaten EU legal autonomy? (3) Was the correct legal basis and institutional balance followed? If the CJEU rules adversely, provisional application could cease — but most analysts consider this unlikely.
What Happens Next
- May 1, 2026: Provisional application begins — tariff reductions take effect between the EU and Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, and Paraguay
- Q3 2026: First trade data showing real effects — watch Brazilian auto imports from Europe and European wine/dairy exports
- December 2026: EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) enforcement begins — affects soy, beef, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, rubber, timber exports from Mercosur to EU
- Late 2027: EU Court of Justice legal opinion expected, determining whether provisional application continues
- Post-CJEU: If positive, European Parliament ratification process resumes. Full EMPA entry into force requires all 27 EU national parliaments — a process that could take years
Related Coverage
- For Brazil’s political context, see our Brazil 2026 Presidential Election Guide — Lula vs. Flávio Bolsonaro in a tightening race
- On Brazil’s structural economic reforms running parallel to the deal, read our Brazil Tax Reform 2026: Complete Guide to the New Dual VAT
- On the multilateral bloc context, see our BRICS 2026 Complete Guide — how Brazil navigates both EU partnership and BRICS membership
- For broader trade context, see our EU-Mercosur Deal Explainer and Mercosur trade analysis
Last updated: April 28, 2026
Frequently Asked Questions: EU-Mercosur Trade Deal
When does the EU-Mercosur deal take effect?
The EU-Mercosur Interim Trade Agreement (iTA) enters provisional application on May 1, 2026. From that date, tariff reductions begin for goods traded between the EU and all four Mercosur founding members — Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, and Paraguay. The European Commission sent its formal note verbale to Paraguay on March 23, 2026, completing the final procedural requirement. Full entry into force of the broader EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement (EMPA) — covering political dialogue and cooperation — will require ratification by all 27 EU national parliaments and is expected years away.
Which countries have ratified the EU-Mercosur deal?
All four Mercosur founding members completed ratification by March 17, 2026. Uruguay ratified first on February 25 (91–2 in lower house). Argentina completed ratification on February 26 (Chamber 203–42; Senate 69–3). Brazil ratified on March 4, with the Senate voting unanimously after the Chamber passed the text on February 25. Paraguay was the last to ratify, with its Chamber voting 58–0 on March 17. On the EU side, the EU Council approved the deal on January 9, 2026 (21–5), with France, Austria, Hungary, Ireland, and Poland voting against. Full ratification by all 27 EU national parliaments has not yet occurred and is not required for provisional application of the iTA.
Which EU member states oppose the Mercosur deal?
Five EU member states voted against the deal in the January 9, 2026 Council vote: France (led by agricultural lobby FNSEA, citing food sovereignty and unfair competition from South American meat and sugar), Poland (livestock and grain farming concerns), Ireland (beef industry vulnerability), Austria (legal obligation based on earlier parliamentary resolution), and Hungary (political opposition). Belgium abstained. Despite their opposition, the 21–5 qualified majority was sufficient to approve the deal. Italy, which had delayed its support through December 2025, ultimately backed the agreement after the EU Commission pledged to unlock €45 billion from the 2028–2034 Common Agricultural Policy budget early.
Which Brazilian sectors benefit most from the EU-Mercosur deal?
According to IPEA and USDA FAS analysis (February 2026), Brazil’s largest cumulative export gains by 2040 will come from: vegetable oils and fats (+41%, +US$1.9 billion), pork and poultry meat (+227%, +US$1.6 billion), beef (notable percentage gain via new 99,000-tonne TRQ at 7.5%), sugar (+64%), and rice (+304%). Tropical and exotic fruits, coffee, seafood (cod, shrimp, lobster), and orange juice benefit from immediate tariff elimination on Day 1. Soybeans and soymeal see no change as both already enter the EU duty-free under WTO rules. Brazil’s Foreign Ministry projects an overall GDP gain of +0.34% (~R$37 billion), with exports rising 2.65% and consumer prices falling 0.56% over two decades.
How does the EU-Mercosur beef quota work?
The deal creates a new tariff-rate quota (TRQ) of 99,000 tonnes per year for combined Mercosur beef exports to the EU, subject to a 7.5% preferential tariff (vs. the current 12.5–20% MFN rates). The quota phases in gradually: it starts at approximately 16,425 tonnes in Year 1 (about 9,000t fresh and 7,425t frozen), rising in equal annual increments until it reaches the full 99,000 tonnes from Year 5 onward. The existing Hilton quota (10,000 tonnes of premium cuts at 20% tariff) is eliminated and absorbed into the new arrangement. Volumes above the TRQ continue to face standard MFN tariffs. The full 99,000-tonne quota represents just 1.5% of EU annual beef consumption — roughly one steak per person per year across the EU. ABIEC president Roberto Perosa projects Brazil can grow EU beef shipments 5–7% annually under the new framework.
Can the EU Court of Justice (CJEU) stop the deal?
The European Parliament voted 334–324 on January 21, 2026 to request a CJEU opinion on the deal’s compatibility with EU Treaties under Article 218(11) TFEU. This referral does not legally block provisional application of the iTA, which the European Commission confirmed it will proceed with despite the pending review. The CJEU is examining three issues: whether the iTA/EMPA legal split is valid, whether the “rebalancing clause” threatens EU legal autonomy, and whether the correct institutional procedures were followed. The opinion is expected no earlier than late 2027 (Article 218(11) procedures typically take 12–22 months). If the CJEU issues an adverse opinion, the agreements cannot enter into force in their current form and would require amendment or renegotiation — but most trade lawyers consider an adverse ruling unlikely, citing EU precedent on trade agreement structuring.
What is the tariff phase-in timeline for 2026–2030?
Tariff reductions begin on May 1, 2026 and follow product-specific schedules of 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 16, 18, or 25 years depending on sensitivity. The key milestones: 2026 (Day 1) — immediate elimination for seafood, tropical fruits, peanuts, vegetable oils (industrial use), soymeal (already zero); beef TRQ activates at ~16,425t; sugar TRQ at 180,000t fully available; EU wine, dairy, and pharmaceutical reductions begin. 2028–2029 — beef quota reaches approximately 60,000–80,000t; poultry quota at 90,000–120,000t; EU machinery tariffs approaching zero for most categories. 2031 (Year 5) — beef quota fully phased to 99,000t; poultry quota at ~150,000t; EU conventional cars near full phase-out. 2036 (Year 10/11) — most EU industrial goods and dairy at 0%; EU cheese TRQ (30,000t) fully operational. 2041–2051 — electric/hybrid vehicles and hydrogen vehicles reach full tariff elimination in Mercosur markets.
Does the deal affect soybean and soy product exports from Brazil to the EU?
No significant change. Soybeans and soymeal — Brazil’s largest agricultural exports overall — already enter the EU at zero tariff under WTO Most Favoured Nation (MFN) commitments and are therefore not included in the deal’s new tariff schedule. As ABPA stated in January 2026: “the Mercosur-European Union agreement does not alter the tariff scenario for these two products.” The deal’s main agricultural impact on Brazilian agribusiness is therefore concentrated in beef, poultry, sugar, ethanol, and pork — not in the grain and oilseed sectors that already have open access.