— President Javier Milei and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu signed the “Isaac Accords” in Jerusalem on Sunday, April 19, a strategic framework explicitly modeled on the 2020 Abraham Accords and extended to Latin American and Western Hemisphere countries sharing judeocristian tradition.
— The accords package includes a nine-article counter-terrorism intelligence cooperation memorandum, an AI cooperation agreement between Israel’s National AI Headquarters and Argentina’s National Innovation Secretariat, and an El Al direct Buenos Aires-Tel Aviv flight route starting November 2026.
— Argentina is the first and only country to have formally signed; the Argentine government says initial expansion targets are Uruguay, Panama, and Costa Rica, with Paraguay under President Santiago Peña described as the most consistent regional ally.
The Isaac Accords signed Sunday in Jerusalem formalize the most consequential Latin American foreign-policy realignment of the Trump-Milei-Netanyahu era. The name is a deliberate theological and diplomatic parallel: the Abraham Accords normalized relations between Israel and four Arab states in 2020 under the first Trump administration; the Isaac Accords extend that framework to Western Hemisphere “descendants of Isaac” and countries “founded in the judeocristian tradition,” in the language of the Israeli Prime Minister’s Office communiqué.
The Rio Times, the Latin American financial news outlet, reports that the signing ceremony took place following sectoral agreements covering counter-terrorism cooperation, artificial-intelligence collaboration, and aviation connectivity. Argentine Foreign Minister Pablo Quirno, Justice Minister Juan Bautista Mahiques, and Ambassador to Israel Axel Wahnish signed for the Argentine side; Netanyahu signed for Israel with US Ambassador to Israel Mike Huckabee attending as observer.
“This is a historic moment for our nations,” Milei said at the ceremony. “It not only strengthens the bond between Argentina and Israel but represents a step toward a more free and prosperous hemisphere. Nations sharing common values have a responsibility: to organize, to cooperate, and to act together.”
What the Isaac Accords Actually Contain
The counter-terrorism memorandum is the most operationally substantive component. Nine articles define joint practices covering financing of terrorism, global jihad, arms proliferation, misuse of technologies and cyber tools, training and capacity-building for law enforcement, and information sharing. The language specifically targets “Iran’s attempts to expand its terrorist networks and operational presence in the Western Hemisphere.”
The AI cooperation memorandum links Israel’s National AI Headquarters within the Prime Minister’s Office to Argentina’s Secretariat of Innovation, Science, and Technology. The partnership will focus on supercomputing infrastructure, AI deployment in critical civilian sectors, human-capital development, and joint research programs.
The El Al direct flight announcement was presented separately by Israeli Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich and Transport Minister Miri Regev. El Al chairman Amikam Ben-Zvi confirmed operations will begin this year; Milei said the first route will start in November 2026. It would be the first direct Buenos Aires-Tel Aviv connection in history.
The Trade-Guarantee Framework
Smotrich’s speech introduced a significant but under-reported economic element: Israel will establish a trade-risk guarantee framework to back Israeli commercial exposure in Argentina. The Israeli finance minister also confirmed discussions with the Inter-American Development Bank for joint guarantees on investment projects in Argentina.
The trade-guarantee component matters because Argentine sovereign credit has been the defining headwind for Israeli commercial engagement. Without a Treasury-backed risk insurance framework, Israeli exporters and contractors have historically capped their Argentine exposure at modest levels regardless of political alignment.
The Genesis Prize Foundation, which awarded Milei its Genesis Prize — the “Jewish Nobel” — in June 2025, has seed-funded a new US-based organization, “American Friends of Isaac Accords,” with an initial US$1 million commitment. The foundation aims to build private-sector infrastructure supporting the multilateral framework.
The Expansion Roadmap
Argentina is currently the only signatory, but the Argentine government has explicitly identified Uruguay, Panama, and Costa Rica as the first-wave expansion targets. Each maintains stable Israeli diplomatic relations and existing security or innovation cooperation projects.
Paraguay under President Santiago Peña is the most aligned regional partner. Peña’s government moved the Paraguayan embassy to Jerusalem in 2018, explicitly backed Israel’s “legitimate self-defense” doctrine, and received Foreign Minister Gideon Saar in a November 2025 pre-signing tour. Israeli Foreign Minister Saar’s October-November 2025 visits to Paraguay and Argentina laid the diplomatic groundwork for the April signing.
Only six countries currently maintain embassies in Jerusalem: the United States, Paraguay, Guatemala, Honduras, Kosovo, and Papua New Guinea. Milei has committed to relocating the Argentine embassy from Tel Aviv during his current term, which would make Argentina the seventh and most diplomatically weighty addition to that group.
The Iran Dimension
The Isaac Accords are explicitly designed as a Western Hemisphere response to Iranian regional activity. Argentina’s April 2, 2026 expulsion of Mohsen Soltani Tehrani, the top Iranian diplomatic representative in Buenos Aires, was a specific pre-signing act that cleared the diplomatic space for the framework.
Milei’s speech at the signing referenced the 1992 Israeli Embassy bombing and the 1994 AMIA attack in Buenos Aires — the two deadliest terrorist attacks in Argentine history, both attributed by Argentine justice to Iranian state planning. The AMIA attack killed 85 people; the Embassy bombing killed 29.
The signing came as the US-Iran ceasefire approaches its April 22 expiration. US Ambassador Huckabee attended the ceremony and described the framework as “an extraordinary opportunity.” Israeli officials framed the accords as both a long-planned initiative and a timely political deliverable as Israel faces mounting international pressure over the Gaza and Iran military operations.
As Rio Times coverage of the Iran war and Hormuz crisis has documented, the Milei government’s Israel alignment has been consistent throughout the Middle East conflict, including public support for the US-Israeli military posture against Tehran. The Isaac Accords convert that political alignment into an institutional framework.
The Domestic Argentine Reaction
The accords represent a definitive break from Argentina’s historical foreign-policy framework, which maintained neutrality on Middle Eastern conflicts and balanced relationships with both Israel and Arab states. Milei’s third Israel visit in 17 months formalizes a realignment that previous Argentine governments had explicitly avoided.
Opposition voices have criticized the framework for tying Argentine national security to Israeli strategic positioning. Peronist leader Juan Grabois attacked the trip as political theater; Justicialist senators have signaled they will review the accords’ compatibility with constitutional foreign-policy requirements.
The domestic political impact arrives as Milei’s approval has collapsed to 14th place among 18 Latin American leaders in April. The foreign-policy success provides no measurable boost to domestic standing but does strengthen the US-Argentina bilateral axis that the Milei government views as foundational to its economic-reform framework.
The Regional Implications
The Isaac Accords split the Latin American diplomatic landscape along new lines. The Brazil-Colombia-Chile bloc under Lula, Petro, and Boric successor Kast has maintained varying degrees of critical distance from Israel through the Gaza conflict. The Argentina-Paraguay-Uruguay-Costa Rica-Panama cluster represented by the accords framework is an explicit counter-alignment.
As Rio Times coverage of the Trump regional framework has documented, the Western Hemisphere is being reorganized along Washington-friendly versus Washington-hostile lines in ways not seen since the early Cold War. The Isaac Accords provide the first formal multilateral diplomatic architecture giving that realignment institutional shape.
For Brazil specifically, the accords present a strategic question about the Lula government’s regional positioning. A Workers’ Party government remains unlikely to join an Israel-led Western Hemisphere framework, but the prospect of a conservative successor government in 2027 would reopen the question. The accords therefore create an option-value asymmetry in Brazilian foreign policy that extends well beyond the immediate signing.
What to Watch
Three signals will define the next six months. First, the formal accession of a second country. Paraguay is the most likely candidate; Peruvian accession under a Keiko Fujimori victory in the June 7 runoff would be the most consequential second signature.
Second, the Argentine embassy relocation to Jerusalem. The move was promised during Milei’s 2024 and 2025 Jerusalem visits and remains pending; a firm date announcement would signal that the accords framework has political momentum beyond the signing ceremony.
Third, the trade-guarantee framework operationalization. The Smotrich commitment to trade-risk insurance and the Inter-American Development Bank joint-guarantee exploration are the elements that would convert the accords from diplomatic signaling to commercial-scale engagement. Watch for a formal Israeli Export Insurance Corporation Argentine program announcement in Q2-Q3 2026.