Key Points
Flooding across Colombia’s Caribbean coast has killed at least 18 people, displaced tens of thousands of families, and submerged over 870 square kilometers of farmland. The disaster is real. What’s drawing fire is what President Gustavo Petro’s government is doing with the emergency powers it declared in response — specifically, a decree that critics say has less to do with flood relief than with advancing a land reform agenda that Congress already blocked.
What the Decree Does
Decree 0174, issued under the flood emergency declared by Decree 150 of 2026, authorizes the National Land Agency (ANT) to occupy, purchase, and expropriate rural properties when needed to relocate populations affected by flooding. The agency can also impose easements, take temporary possession of land, and take over agrarian proceedings already underway in courts.
Former agriculture minister Andrés Valencia called it an exceptional tool, not a generalized expropriation. Acquired properties undergo automatic title cleansing — meaning the state receives the land free of debts, liens, or legal encumbrances. Creditors retain their claims against the original owner but can no longer pursue the property itself.
The decree also addresses livestock. If owners fail to remove animals during land recovery operations, the ANT can transfer them to municipal facilities. Where no such facility exists, the animals may be declared abandoned and, in some cases, slaughtered under sanitary protocols.
A Familiar Playbook
The measure is nearly identical to Decree 0108, issued a year ago during the state of emergency over the Catatumbo security crisis. That decree authorized administrative expropriation and prioritized victims of forced displacement and former combatants. Petro’s government later tried to convert it into permanent legislation, but Congress voted it down.
Former deputy agriculture minister Juan Gonzalo Botero warned that the new version compresses legal timelines to just 13 calendar days plus an evidence period, potentially violating property owners’ due process rights. He added that the decree grants the ANT extraordinary police-style powers, including authority to reassume judicial proceedings and occupy land managed by the Victims’ Fund and the National Land Restitution Unit.
Business Groups Push Back
The National Business Council expressed solidarity with flood-affected communities but rejected what it called structural policy changes disguised as emergency relief. The council argued that the decrees — spanning tax, environmental, financial, and agrarian measures — exceed the temporary and exceptional character that Colombia’s constitution assigns to emergency powers.
The Constitutional Court already froze Petro’s previous economic emergency decree in January, ruling 6-2 that a budget shortfall does not constitute the kind of extraordinary crisis the constitution envisions. Whether the flood emergency — built on a genuine natural disaster rather than a fiscal dispute — survives judicial review will likely determine how far the government can push its land agenda before Petro leaves office next year.