Brazilian courts distributed at least R$1.5 billion ($263 million) in extra payments to judges and prosecutors last December, reveals data from the National Council of Justice.
This practice, known locally as “dezembrada,” allows judicial authorities to receive massive year-end bonuses from leftover budget funds. Judges in Alagoas state received up to R$438,000 ($76,842) in a single month through this mechanism.
These payments dramatically exceed Brazil’s constitutional salary cap of approximately R$39,000 ($6,842) monthly for public servants. Courts bypass this ceiling by classifying these bonuses as “compensatory” or “indemnitory” benefits rather than regular salary.
The bonus system creates stark inequality in a country where the minimum wage stands at just R$1,320 per month. An average worker would need to work for decades to earn what some judges pocket in one bonus payment.
Nearly 30% of Brazilians live in poverty while judicial authorities enjoy these extraordinary payments. Courts justify these bonuses through various claims.
They label the payments as compensation for unused vacation time, accumulated overtime work, or professional expenses. Housing allowances, retroactive payment adjustments, and productivity bonuses also feature prominently among the justifications.
Brazil’s Judicial Privileges and the Struggle for Reform
These payments divert significant resources from possible improvements to the justice system. The funds could otherwise modernize court infrastructure, invest in technology, reduce case backlogs, or expand access to justice for underserved populations.
Reform attempts have consistently faced fierce resistance from powerful judicial associations. These groups lobby extensively to maintain their financial privileges. Even the National Council of Justice struggles to enforce regulations on these payments.
The “dezembrada” exemplifies Brazil‘s challenges in reforming a system where organized interest groups secure extraordinary benefits at public expense. Defenders claim high compensation attracts qualified professionals and ensures judicial independence.
Critics counter that these privileges create an untouchable elite within the Brazilian state. This practice continues while most Brazilian citizens face harsh economic realities.
The contrast between these judicial windfalls and everyday financial struggles highlights the deep institutional inequality embedded within Brazil’s public sector.