Brazil and Colombia Pay Some of the Highest Borrowing Costs on Earth

The interest rate a government pays on its debt tells the world how much investors trust it. By that measure, Brazil and Colombia are in uncomfortable company — sandwiched between Egypt and Russia.

This is part of The Rio Times’ daily coverage of Latin American news and Latin American financial news.

As of January 2026, Brazil pays 8.7 percent in real terms on 10-year bonds — second only to Egypt at 10 percent. Colombia follows at 7.1 percent, behind Russia‘s 7.7. Typical emerging markets pay around 4 percent; high-income economies pay under 2.

The diagnosis is the same in both: high deficits, rising debt, no credible plan. Brazil’s debt climbed from 83.9 to 91.4 percent of GDP between 2022 and 2025. Colombia sits at 58.9 percent alongside Mexico, but got there through volatile swings driven by currency moves as much as fiscal policy.

The contrast with neighbors is sharp. Chile’s debt is 42.7 percent of GDP, Peru‘s holds at 32 percent, and both borrow far more cheaply. Markets reward fiscal discipline and punish its absence at every refinancing round.

The result is a vicious cycle: higher rates consume more revenue in interest payments, leaving less for investment, which makes reform harder, which keeps rates high. Without structural change, each bond issuance becomes what one analyst called “a multiplier of vulnerability.”

With presidential elections approaching in both countries, volatility will intensify. Latin America still attracts capital, but the region is splitting — countries that have stabilized their books and those that have not. The spread between them compounds with every cycle.

For more context, read Brazil’s Morning Call and the Latin American Pulse.