Key Points
Andrés Velásquez, Delsa Solórzano, Henry Ramos Allup — these are names that once drove millions into the streets across Venezuela. After years underground, they are only now beginning to speak publicly again. The problem is that the country they are resurfacing into is not yet the one they were promised.
Acting President Delcy Rodríguez signed an amnesty law on February 19. Over 4,200 applications have been filed and more than 3,200 people fully released. But the Plataforma Unitaria, the main opposition coalition, held its first press conference in nearly two years on February 23 to deliver a blunt verdict: the transition has not started.
Freedom With Fine Print
The amnesty covers political offenses dating back to 1999 and includes protesters detained after the contested 2024 election, when over 2,000 people were arrested. But it excludes military personnel convicted of rebellion and anyone accused of facilitating foreign actions against Venezuelan sovereignty.
That last clause targets María Corina Machado, the Nobel Peace Prize laureate and most popular opposition figure, whom the Rodríguez government accuses of inviting U.S. intervention. The same week the law was signed, authorities confiscated the home of Magalli Meda, Machado’s 2024 campaign manager. Foro Penal called the exclusions discriminatory and unconstitutional.
A Divided Opposition in a Country Still Afraid
Years of persecution have gutted the organizational capacity of parties like Voluntad Popular, Primero Justicia, and Vente Venezuela. Their most experienced leaders — Machado, Edmundo González Urrutia, Leopoldo López, Julio Borges — are all abroad. Interior Minister Diosdado Cabello, the regime’s enforcer, told legislators after Maduro‘s capture that he intended to keep dismantling the opposition.
Inside Venezuela, the Plataforma Unitaria insists it maintained organizational continuity even through clandestinity. Solórzano said parties are already visiting working-class neighborhoods and coordinating with prisoners’ families. But analysts see structural limits.
Two Paths, Neither Clear
A moderate faction — including Un Nuevo Tiempo, parts of Primero Justicia under Henrique Capriles, and smaller legislative parties — has chosen to work within Chavismo’s institutional framework, participating in Assembly debates and helping draft the amnesty. They are critical of Machado and believe incremental engagement is the only realistic path.
The Plataforma Unitaria majority rejects that approach. It demands recognition of the 2024 election results, full prisoner releases, and genuinely free elections — conditions Rodríguez has refused to set a timeline for, even as Washington presses for democratic benchmarks in exchange for oil investment.
Guillermo Aveledo Coll, a political analyst and Dean of Law and Political Studies at Caracas’s Universidad Metropolitana, captures the paradox precisely: the opposition groups with popular legitimacy have no access to institutional power, while those who have gained access to decision-making corridors lack any clear social mandate. In post-Maduro Venezuela, winning the streets and winning the halls of power remain two entirely separate contests.