Brazilian scientists have discovered the possibility of slowing the growth of breast cancer by changing the profile of a type of defense cells, reported the state-owned Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz).
The research, conducted by Fiocruz scientists, has undergone three experiments in the laboratory but is only the starting point for evaluating a possible therapy with this approach.
The cells investigated in the study were macrophages, which are part of the body’s defenses. There are two types of these cells, M1 and M2 while the first type is more associated with tumor expansion, the second with containment.
About half of the mass of malignant breast tumors is composed of macrophages, and the research evaluated what would happen if the M1 type were altered to M2.
For this change to occur, iron oxide nanoparticles were used and produced in the laboratory through a partnership between Fiocruz Minas and the Physics Department of the Federal University of Pernambuco.
“The idea was to transform M2 into M1, through a local treatment, performed directly on the tumor, which allowed greater control compared to systemic interventions,” explained scientist Camila Sales, who said that the proposal is that, in contact with the compound, the M1 macrophages transform into M2, reinforcing the control of cancer expansion.
In vitro tests were carried out with human cells in two and three dimensions, with positive results, and also laboratory experiments with mice.
According to Fiocruz, the positive indications represent a proof of concept for the research to advance. However, it is still necessary to evaluate other issues, such as physiological effects, mechanisms of action, side effects, drug absorption time, and biodistribution in the organism, among other aspects.