Latin America, traditionally known for producing cocaine, is now a key consumer, accounting for nearly a quarter of global demand.
This shift in consumption is transforming how the region addresses drug issues. Previously, countries relied on military force against drug gangs.
Now, many are adopting less punitive approaches, treating drug use as a public health issue and focusing on reducing youth unemployment.
Europe is becoming a significant market for cocaine, with large seizures in recent years. European criminals increasingly negotiate directly with Latin American suppliers.
This has led to purer cocaine being available in Europe compared to the United States. In the U.S., the drug often gets diluted as it passes through various hands in transit.
Latin American countries face internal challenges affecting their drug strategies. Political instability in Peru and Bolivia has lowered the priority of anti-narcotic efforts.
Colombia’s shifting political landscape under President Petro is also influencing its approach to drug trafficking.
Brazil’s role in the cocaine trade is growing. The First Capital Command (PCC) has expanded its operations to Africa and Europe.
It’s involved in various phases of the supply chain, including money laundering. The Brazilian criminal landscape is becoming more fragmented, with smaller groups specializing in logistics.
Globally, the expansion of the cocaine market into Africa and Asia is raising concerns about a potential increase in worldwide consumers.
New trafficking routes and methods are emerging, with Southeast Europe and Africa becoming key transit zones. This reflects the ever-changing nature of the global drug trade.