The current conflict in Sudan highlights differing strategies of China and Russia, raising concerns about their broader intentions in Africa.
Some suggest that China might be engaging in “debt-trap diplomacy” through infrastructure loans, and Russia may aim to regain Soviet-era influence levels.
However, a report from the PeaceRep international research consortium suggests a more nuanced perspective.
The study reveals that China’s approach favors stability, often seeking cooperation with the international community. Conversely, Russia’s strategy seems less reliant on international cooperation.
The report consolidates data from the United Nations, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, and AidData research lab, indicating that China prioritizes economic engagement and international collaboration in its relations with Sudan.
Russia, on the other hand, seems to focus more on arms sales, as opposed to trade, aid, or peacekeeping.
China’s significant investments in Sudan—primarily for oil production and economic development—stand out.
The country has extended billions in loans and investments and often provides debt relief. Russia’s economic engagement with Sudan, in comparison, is relatively modest.
Notably, China’s imports from Sudan have declined since South Sudan’s independence, given that most oil reserves lie with the new nation.
Despite this setback, China’s exports to Sudan have maintained a steady growth.
In the realm of arms sales, Russia surpasses China, especially with high-ticket items like fighter jets.
But China takes the lead in UN peacekeeping missions among the five permanent members of the UN Security Council.
The activities of both countries’ security contractors in Africa are under scrutiny.
Chinese contractors primarily aim to safeguard Chinese businesses overseas, while Russian contractors like the Wagner Group, despite denying their presence in Sudan, are suspected of engaging in criminal activities.
The research underscores the importance of understanding the different approaches of China and Russia while formulating responses to the crisis in Sudan.