Brazil’s President Luís Inácio Lula da Silva recently met EU leaders Ursula von der Leyen and Charles Michel in India.
They discussed the EU-Mercosur trade deal, which includes Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay.
Agreed in 2019 but not yet ratified, the deal is now under scrutiny due to new EU environmental rules.
Lula’s strong objection to these rules has cast doubt over the agreement’s future and strained Brazil-EU relations.
Unsettled ASEAN Countries
Meanwhile, the EU’s Green Deal, aiming for a climate-neutral Europe by 2050, affects other trade agreements too.
It has particularly unsettled ASEAN countries, which worry about its economic impact.
ASEAN, or the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, is a regional intergovernmental organization comprising ten Southeast Asian countries.
Two key EU policies stand out: the Deforestation-Free Regulation and the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism.
These rules aim to protect the environment but are causing concerns among developing nations.
ASEAN seeks more flexible terms than Mercosur, which focuses on sustainable agriculture and forestry.
Both blocs are open to aligning with the Green Deal but in different ways, emphasizing the need for tailor-made solutions from the EU.
EU regulations could impose significant costs on both ASEAN and Mercosur countries, especially for small farmers.
For example, stringent tracking requirements for commodities could prove challenging for Southeast Asian producers.
Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
On the flip side, the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism may hurt ASEAN’s iron and steel exports, resulting in annual welfare losses.
To mitigate these effects, the EU could increase climate financing and technical support, possibly through certificates showing reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
ASEAN and Mercosur nations, on their part, can enhance their regulatory frameworks to benefit from such economic models.
More comprehensive climate finance packages can be developed to boost climate resilience in ASEAN countries and establish national and regional carbon markets.
Both the EU and ASEAN should strive for regulations that facilitate rather than impede trade.
The future of the EU-Mercosur deal and EU-ASEAN relations hinges on finding a balanced, equitable approach that addresses both environmental and economic concerns.